Fish Diversity IV

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Fish Diversity IV
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Fish Taxa Diversity

• Phylum Chordata
• Superclass Agnatha
• Class Pteraspidomorphi
• Class Myxini (?)
• Class Cephalaspidomorphi
• Superclass Gnathostomata
• Class Placodermi
• Class Chondrychthyes
• Class Acanthodii
• Class Sarcopterygii
• Class Actinopterygii

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(No Transcript)
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Mobile premaxillae other osteological
characteristics
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Division TELEOSTEI

• Synapomorphy
• Mobile premaxillae
• urostyle and uroneurals present
• caudal fin usually homocercal

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Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha

• Order Osteoglossiformes (6 fam.)
• Most primitive teleosts
• Freshwater
• Tooth plate on tongue bites against roof of
  mouth, intestine lies left of stomach
• Osteoglossidae (bony tongues)
• Notopteridae (knifefishes)
• Mormyridae (elephantfishes)
• Gymnarchidae

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Subdivision Elopomorpha

• Leptocephalus larva (long lived, no red blood
  cells)
• Saltwater
• Order Elopiformes (2 fam.)
• Elopidae (ladyfishes)
• Megalopidae (tarpons)
• Order Albuliformes (3 fam.)
• Albulidae (bonefishes)
• Order Anguilliformes (15 fam.)
• Anguillidae (freshwater eels)
• Muraenidae (moray eels)
• Ophyctidae (snake eels)
• Order Saccopharyngiformes (4 fam.)
• Snipe eels, Swallowers, Pelican eels

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CATADROMOUS Migration
Leptocephalus larvae
Glass eel
Elver
OCEAN
RIVERS
Eggs
Reproduction
Yellow eel
Silver eel
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Subdivision Clupeomorpha

• Order Clupeiformes (5 fam.)
• Gas bladder that connects with the ear
• Most abundant fishes in the world
• Pelagic environment, schooling behavior
• Marine (freshwater and anadromous)
• Clupeidae (herring and sardines)
• Engraulidae (anchovies)
• Chirocentridae (Wolf herrings)

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Division TELEOSTEI Subdivision EUTELEOSTI
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Superorder Ostariophysi

• Inner ear-gas bladder bone connection
• Response to chemical alarm substances
• Freshwater
• Order Cypriniformes (5 fam.)
• Cyprinidae (largest FW family-2000 spp.)
• minnows, shiners, carp, zebrafishes
• Catostomidae (suckers)
• Order Characiformes (10 fam.)
• Characidae (large tropical FW family)
• pirahnas, tetras, S. American darters
• Order Siluriformes (34 fam.)
• Fusion skull bones, vomerine teeth, adipose fin,
  no scales, 1-4 pairs of barbels (CATFISH)
• Ictaluridae, siluridae, Ariidae, Calychthydae

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Superorder Protacanthopterygii

• (still under revision)
• Order Esociformes (2 fam.)
• Esocidae (pike, pickerel)
• Umbridae (mudminnows)
• Order Osmeriformes (13 fam.)
• Osmeridae (smelts)
• Sarangidae (icefish)
• Order Salmoniformes (1 fam.)
• Salmonidae (trout, salmon, char, grayling)

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TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS

• Synapomorphy
• First vertebrae articulation to skull
• Retractor dorsalis muscle
• Muscular lift of pharyngeal jaws
• Hinged tooth attachment

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Superorder Stenopterygii

• Order Stomiiformes (4 fam.)
• Deep sea (mesopelagic and bathypelagic
  environment)
• 200-4000 m of depth
• Long teeth, unique photophores
• Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)
• Sternoptychidae (marine hatchetfishes)
• Stomiidae (dragonfishes, viperfishes)

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Superorder Cyclosquamata

• Order Aulopiformes (13 fam.)
• Cycloid scales
• Mainly pelagic and abyssal environments
• Synodontidae (lizardfishes)
• Giganturidae (telescopefishes)
• Alepisauridae (lancetfishes)
• ....

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Superorder Scopelomorpha

• Order Myctophiformes (2 fam.)
• Ctenoid scales, photophores
• Missing first pharyngeal tooth plate
• Commonly perform diel vertical migrations
• Mesopelagic environment
• Myctophidae (lanterfishes)

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TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS ACANTHOMORP
HA

• Synapomorphy
• True fin spines (Spiny Telesots)
• Strengthening of vertebral accesories
• No teeth on maxillae

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Superorder Lampridiomorpha

• Order Lampridiformes (7 fam.)
• Unique mandiblar protrusion mechanism
• Marine pelagic environments
• Lamprididae (opahs)
• Radiicephalidae (ribbonfishes)
• Regalecidae (oarfishes)

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Superorder Polymixiomorpha

• Order Polymixiiformes (1 fam.)
• (uncertain taxonomic status)
• Large eyes and chin barbels
• Marine environments
• Medium depths (200-600m)
• Polymixiidae (beardfishes)

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Superorder Paracanthopterygii

• Marine benthic environments
• Order Percopsiformes (3 fam.)
• Amblyopsidae (cavefishes)
• Order Ophidiiformes (5 fam.)
• Carapidae (pearlfishes)
• Ophidiidae (cusk eels)
• Order Gadiformes (12 fam.)
• Gadidae (cods)
• Merluciidae (hakes)
• Order Batrachoidiformes (1 fam.)
• Batrachoididae (toadfishes and midshipmen)
• Order Lophiiformes (16 fam.)
• Lophiidae (monkfishes)
• Antennariidae (frogfishes).....