Focus Group Central Middle East

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Focus Group Central Middle East

• Palestinian Authority
• Jordan

• Egypt
• Syria

Max Suchov, Alexis Diamond, Nassim, Hiekali,
Samantha Henshel, Natalie Jacobs.
February 3, 2000
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Gamal Abdel Nasser

• Enrolled into Royal Military Acadamy. Graduated
  in 1938.
• Elected president in 1956.
• Preached Arab nationalism
• Fought Suez-Sinai War against Israel, Britain and
  France.
• Becomes hero to Arabs.

1956 War
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1967 War and Decline of Nasser

• Nasser threatens Israel.
• Israel launches surprise attack against Egypt,
  Syria, and Jordan.
• Egypt loses war decisively.
• Egypt humiliated
• Nasser dies in 1969.

1967 Six Day War
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Anwar Al-Sadat

• Nassers aide Sadat becomes leader of Egypt.
• Nasser and Sadat met in Military Camp.
• Went from Vice to President in one year!
• Peace treaty with Israel.
• Assassinated because of pro-Israel, pro-U.S.
  policies.

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Hosni Mubarak

• Mubarak was educated in Egypts national Military
  Academy.
• Became Vice President in 1975.
• After Sadat killed, Mubarak becomes Egypts
  leader.
• As president Mubarak did a lot for Egypt.
• Threatened by Muslims fundamentalists, as was
  Sadat.
• Future uncertain.

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HISTORY OF SYRIA AND LEBANON
Syria and Lebanon are located in the middle
East. They have many types of languages and
religions.
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WARS WITH SYRIA, ISRAEL AND LEBANON

• 1970 Lebanon had a war with itself.
• 1973 Syria fights for the land Israel is
  occupying.
• 1979 there was a revolt in Hama. Assad brutally
  crushes it.
• 1980 Assad orders terrorist to go fight Israel.

Israeli forces fight in Lebanon.
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LIFE OF HAFEZ AL-ASSAD

• Assad was born as an Alawi Muslim.
• He has Syria in his hands.
• He is known for a negative relationship with many
  countries and their leaders.

Hafez al-Assad
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PEACE AGREEMENT WITH SYRIA AND ISRAEL

• Assad is the key to the peace agreement.
• The deal of the peace agreement is very simple.
• I think that the peace agreement is a bad idea.

Golan Heights with Jewish Settlements.
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Palestinian Exile

• Creation of Israel in 1947
• App. 4000 Palestinians exiled at gunpoint
• Palestinians and Arabs call for Israel to be
  destroyed
• Arabs lose war and retreat
• Yassir Arafat leads Palestinians

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Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

• Palestinian Liberation Organization formed to
  liberate Israeli occupation
• In may of 1964, it is founded by refugees and
  Yassir Arafat becomes leader
• After 3 more planes getting high-jacked, King
  Hussein starts Black September
• 1971 it is expelled from Jordan

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Intifada

• Street riots break out and Palestinians throw
  rocks at Israeli police forces(1987-1993)
• Israels image suffers from street demonstrations
• Oslo Agreement between Israel and Arafat
• Palestinian authority created, Israel gives West
  Bank and Gaza strip to Palestinians in return for
  peace

Palestinians set fires and throw rocks at Israeli
soldiers.
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Intifada
Victims of violence.
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Palestinian Authority/ Oslo Agreements

• Negotiations in Norway with Israel about peace
• Yassir Arafat recognizes Israels right to exist
• Rivalry with Hamas/ no peace
• Palestine is divided terror, or peace?
• Arafat cooperates with Israel, he wants no war
• To become a full government in the future.

Hamas and terrorism vs. Palestinian Authority and
peace.
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Britain and King Hussein

• Britain gains power over Jordan in 1920.
• British install Abdullah in 1921.
• Abdullah assassinated in 1951.
• King Hussein takes charge.

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6 Day war of 1967

• Egypt, Syria, and Jordan attacked by Israel.
• War only lasted 132 hours and 30 minutes.
• Jordan loses Jerusalem to Israel.
• Arabs lose 3rd most holy city Jordan humiliated.

Jordan loses Jerusalem.
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Black September of 1970

• 3 jetliners (British, American, Swiss) hijacked
  by Palestinian terrorists to Jordan.
• Planes blown up.
• King Hussein decides to go after PLO in his
  country.
• Jordanian army forces PLO out of country to
  Lebanon.

Hijacked Airliner.
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King Husseins Death

• Died of cancer on Feb. 7, 1999.
• Jordanians mourns their dead king.
• Funeral brought together bitter enemies.
• King Hussein widely respected.
• Representatives came from 75 different countries.
• Had his son Abdullah put in line to succeed him
  as king.

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New King Abdullah

• Born in Amman on Jan. 30, 1962.
• Previously served as major general in Jordanian
  army.
• Assumed power when his father died.
• Expected to continue his fathers policies.

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THE END!