Central Middle East

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Central Middle East
Sarah Warren, Danielle Goren-Hill, Ethan Braun,
and Emily Rubenstein
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Palestinian Exile

• With the creation of Israel in 1947 Palestinians
  grew hatred for Israel.
  
• Palestinians and Arabs made a call for Israel to
  be destroyed.
  
• Palestinian Army attacks Israel from Jordan and
  Syrian

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PLO And Yassir Arafat

• Palestinian Liberation Organization formed.
• Yasser Arafat believed to be Anti-Semetic because
  of his hatred for Israel.
  
• After 1967, P.L.O. turns from conventional war
  fighting to terrorism.
  
• 197 Olypmic Massacre, plan hijacking
• Expelled from Jordan in Black September

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Intifada
Victims of violence.
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Intifada and Terrorism

• Palestinians frusterated at at lack of progress
  of PLO against Israel.
  
• Riots destroy property street riots breakout
  rocks thrown at Israeli Police in 1987-1993
  (stoning)
  
• Palestinian-Israel agreement made in Oslo.
• Hamas rejects Oslo, continues to fight on
  destruction of Israel. Oslo

Palestinian terrorism on Italian ship American
killed.
U.S. embassy bombed.
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Palestinian Authority In Palestine

• Yassir Arafat is leader
• No specific civil code
• religious Islamic Ared
• To become a full government in the future
• Civil rights violations
• Rivalry with Hamas
• Palestinians divided. To fight, or to make peace?

Libya Punished for sponsoring terrorism
Pan Am terrorist bombing with 244 dead over
Scotland.
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Western Influence

• Britain used to have control of Jordan, called
  Transjordan.
  
• Britain dropped control over this area.
• Due to lack of natural resources Jordan is/was
  dependent on foreign aid.
  

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King Husseins Reign

• Came into power at a age 16 due to family
  difficulties.
  
• Arab (Palestinian) Western problems.
• Threats and relations with the Arab
  nationalism.
  
• 1967 War

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Husseins Death

• Had a 46-year reign
• Died at age 63 of Cancer on February 4, 1999
• Were more than 40 kings at the funeral,
  presidents, prime ministers, and other
  leaders,former leaders and other dignitaries. The
  largest gathering leaders since the funeral of
  Yitzhak Rabin

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Husseins Son The New King and Jordans Future

• He is King Husseins son and his name is
  Abdullah.
  
• He is 37 and is a novice when it comes to
  politics and he has little knowledge about
  international affairs.
  
• He says he will continue the policies of his
  father.
  

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Nasser Arab MessiahRise and Power

• In favor of Arab nationalism.
• 1956 war against England, France, and Israel.
• Lost Arab unity, but won control over Suez
  canal.
  
• Nasser becomes hero to Arab world.

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Nassers Downfall

• Forms United Arab Emirates. Alley of Soviet
  Union, enemy of U.S.
  
• Wants to expel Israel and West from region.
• Defeated decisively in 1967 war with Israel,
  humiliated.
  
• Nasser dies on September 28, 1970.
• Arab world loses unity.

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Anwar Sadat (1918-1981)

• November 1979- Sadat signs Peace Treaty with
  Israel.
  
• Becomes ally of United States.
• Tourists pile into Egypt, Egyptians become
  associated with West.
  
• 1973- Yom Kippur War, victory for Sadat.
• Arab pride restored.

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Mohammad Hosni Mubarak

• Loyal supporter of Sadat and 1973 war hero
• Continues Sadats pro-West policy, peace with
  Israel
  
• Worked effectively with Muslim extremists who
  threaten to overturn the government and kill him.
  
  
• Egypt threatened by overpopulation, poverty, and
  Islamic fundamentalism.

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Hafiz Assad-The Lion Of Damascus

• Assad was born on October 6, 1930 to a family of
  respected Alawites.
  
• In February of 1969 Assad is declared ruler of
  Syria.
  
• Hafiz Assad also supports radical and violent
  Muslim groups that are based in Lebanon and
  Syria.
  
• Political control has affected most aspects in
  his life.

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1973 War

• Called Yom Kippur War because it started on Yom
  Kippur on October 6, 1973.
  
• It was a surprise attack by Egypt and Syria
  against Israel.
  
• The reason for the attack was for recapturing the
  territories lost in the 1967 War. ( Sinai by the
  Egyptians, and the Golan Heights by Syria)
  
• It lasted for approximately three weeks

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Syria

• Ancient Syria had many conquerors Egypt (1500
  BCE) and the Turks (1516 CE)
  
• 20th Century control vied for between French and
  English for Syria
  
• Formed United Arab Republic with Egypt from
  1959-1961
  
• 1961- Present a dictatorship under Hafiz Assad
• 1999 peace talks with Israel- want the return of
  Golan Heights (which were lost on 1967 war.)

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Current Peace Negotiations

• Since May 1999 elections in Israel when Barak was
  elected as prime minister, renewed Israeli
  efforts brought about two recent important
  meeting with Syria
• Both weere held near Washington D.C. in the
  presences of U.S President Cinton as facilitator
  
• While the third round of meeting was postponed
  there is high hope that Israel and Syraai will
  sign a peace agreement after Israel gives back
  the Golan heights.

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Our Special Message
Thank you for watching and listening to our
presentation. We appreciate your courtesy and
hope that this was informative.
Thank You The Central Middle East Focus Group
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THE END!