Empires of the Ancient World

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Empires of the Ancient World

• World History A
• Seminar 3

Warm Up Define the following 1.
civilization 2. democracy 3. republic 4.
rule of law
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Warm Up Definitions

• Civilization complex, highly organized
  social order.
• Democracy government in which the people hold
  ruling power.
• Republic system of government in which
  representatives are chosen by the people. It is a
  form of democracy
• Rule of law - government by law. The rule of law
  implies that government authority may only be
  exercised in accordance with written laws, which
  were adopted through an established procedure.

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Greek Civilization1750 BC 133 BC

• Early Minoan civilization the forerunner for
  Greece - began on the island of Crete, around
  1700 BC. Evidence shows extensive trade and a
  very advanced culture, which was exported to
  mainland Greece at Mycenaea.

Mycenaea
See textbook map on page 106. Locate Crete.
Then, answer question 2 under the map.
Click here for online information about Mycenaean
culture.
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Greek Civilization1750 BC 133 BC

• Early Minoan civilization the forerunner for
  Greece - began on the island of Crete, around
  1700 BC. Evidence shows extensive trade and a
  very advanced culture, which was exported to
  mainland Greece at Mycenaea.

How did the geography of Greece present obstacles
to a unified Greek country?
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Minoan Civilization

• Minoan Civilization was one of the earliest
  examples of what has come to be called Greek
  civilization.
• Minoans were trading at the same time as the
  Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians.

The Minoan Civilization may have been the
foundation for the story of Atlantis.
The Palace at Knossos. Click here for more
pictures of the palace.
Click here for more about the Minoans.
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Mycenaeans1600 BC 1200 BC

• Sea traders beyond Aegean to Sicily, Italy,
  Egypt and Mesopotamia.
• Warriors, living in several city states.
• The Mycenaean city state became the mainland
  Greek civilization.
• Best known for Trojan War. (textbook, page 103)

Click here and on the pictures for more
information about Mycenaeans and the Trojan War.
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Athens and Sparta(Click above for a web chart
comparison of Athens and Sparta.)1200 0
BCTextbook pages 106-107

• Greece itself was made up of separate
• city-states, which were constantly at war.
• Define city-state
• City-state definition Political unit made up of
  a city and the surrounding lands.
• Two major city-states Athens and Sparta.
• Create a chart on your own paper like the one
  which follows.

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• Athens
• Government
• Limited democracy (only male citizens could
  participate), Council of 500 which made the laws,
  voting Assembly.
• Soldiers
• Citizen soldiers only during wartime
• Slaves
• No political rights or freedoms. Owned by
  individuals
• Women
• Cared for the home, limited political rights.
• Education
• Upper class boys only. Military training and
  preparation for government involvement.
  Knowledge was important for a democratic
  government.

• Sparta
• Government
• Two kings (military generals) and a council of
  elders. Citizens were male, native born, over
  30.
• Soldiers
• Military society, all males prepared to be
  soldiers from birth. Soldiers from age 7 30.
• Slaves
• Owned by the State
• Women
• Prepared physically for fighting, right to
  inherit property, must obey men.
• Education
• Boys only. Military based training from age 7.
  Taught to fight. Prohibition against trade,
  travel and mixing with other city-states.

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Persian Wars490 479 BC

• The Greek city-states did not unite until faced
  with a common enemy

Persia
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Delian League

• By 479 BC, the Greeks had defeated the Persians
  on land in Asia Minor and stopped their advance.
• Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful
  city-state in Greece.
• To continue the struggle against Persia, it
  organized the Delian League, an alliance with the
  other Greek city states.
• Athens dominated the Delian League and used its
  wealth to create an Athenian empire.

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Athens The City Pericles Built

• Direct Democracy Citizen assembly voted
  directly on laws
• Huge construction projects Acropolis and
  Parthenon rebuilt
• Emphasis on arts, architecture, philosophy and
  medicine

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Athens Conquered by Sparta

• In 404 BC, Sparta attacked and conquered the
  fading Athenian empire in what came to be know as
  the Peloponnesian War. For the next century,
  fighting continued to dominate the Greek
  city-states. By 359 BC, the Macedonians from the
  north, under the leadership of Philip II invaded
  and conquered all of Greece.

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The World of Alexander the Great (Text page
120)359 BC 323 BC

• Philip conquered Greece in 359 BC
• His next conquest was to be the
  Persian empire.
• The Macedonian army was the most superbly
  trained in the world. It made use of the phalanx
  configuration.
• Philip was assassinated before he could attack
  and conquer Persia.
• His son, Alexander (20) took the throne.

Philip of Macedonia
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• Over the course of the next eleven years,
  Alexander proceeded to conquer the entire Persian
  empire. When Xerxes surrendered, Alexander took
  over all of his realm and his possessions.
  Alexander even married Xerxes daughter!

Write a short paragraph in which you compare and
contrast the extent of Alexanders Empire as
opposed to the Persian Empire
Alexander
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The Legacy of Alexander
Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC,
his empire began to divide and dissolve.
However, Alexander left behind a legacy of Greek
thought, language and custom that survives in
part today.

• Local cultures assimilated Greek ideas and
  language. They became Hellenic or Greek like
  The Hellenistic Age is the age of world wide
  Greek culture after Alexander.
• Left behind the idea that all people are morally
  equal. Aided in the spread of Christianity.
• Encouraged the work of scholars. Built libraries
  all over the empire especially at Alexandria,
  Egypt. Emphasized mathematics, medicine, science
  and philosophy.

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The Roman World
The earliest of the Roman civilizations were the
Etruscans. (Textbook to page 129.) With the fall
of Hellenic influence, the Etruscans conquered
all of the Italian peninsula. Their competition
for control of the Mediterranean Sea were the
Carthaginians in Africa.
After three wars with the Carthaginians called
the Punic wars the Romans emerged as the
supreme rulers of the Mediterranean area.
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The REAL HannibalTextbook , page 134.

• In 218 BC the Carthaginian general Hannibal
  led his army, including dozens of war elephants,
  from Spain across the Pyrenees, through Gaul to
  Rome. Hannibal surprised the Romans and began 15
  years of fighting. In the end, the Romans
  attacked Carthage and ended Hannibals attacks
  against Rome. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.

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The REAL HannibalTextbook , page 134.

• The Carthaginians fought for their own
  preservation and the sovereignty of Africa. The
  Romans for supremacy and world domination. ( a
  Greek witness to the destruction of Carthage.)
• The Romans were committed to a policy of
  imperialism.
• Define imperialism
• Domination by one country of the political,
  economic or cultural life of another country or
  region.

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The Republic of Rome

• Define Republic
• Republic System of government in which officials
  are elected by the people.
• Senate Most powerful governing body. 300
  members all patricians. Made the laws.
• First laws codified into the
• Twelve Tables
• Two Consuls elected by Senate. Ran the
  government and the army.
• Tribunes elected by the people (plebeians)
• Judges Oversaw courts cases

• Wide spread use of slave labor from conquered
  territories
• Slave labor forced small farmers out of business.
  Led to mass unemployment and poverty.
• Mob riots and corruption in the government.
• Attempts at reform failed.
• Civil wars began.
• Julius Caesar emerged as dictator of Rome

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Julius Caesar and the Empire of Rome

• Caesar conquers Gaul What is Gaul called today?
• France
• First Triumvirate Julius Caesar, Pompey, and
  Crassus
• Caesar defeats Pompey in a civil war after
  Crassus dies in battle.
• Caesar pursues Pompey to Egypt where he meets
  Cleopatra and has a child with her.
• Caesar becomes dictator of Rome
• Caesar is assassinated by the Senate he tried to
  displace.
• Rome plunges into Civil War.
• Marc Anthony and Cleopatra are defeated by Caesar
  Augustus.
• Caesar Augustus ends all hope for a further Roman
  empire.

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Julius Caesar

• Below the chart, write a short paragraph in which
  you defend ONE of the following statements
• Julius Caesar was a man of the people.
• Julius Caesar was a vicious dictator.

• On your own paper, create a chart like the one
  below. Then read the primary sources you are
  given about Julius Caesar and write down excerpts
  that best fit the categories.

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Rome at its Height60 400 AD
On your own paper, describe the extent of the
Roman Empire at its height. Be sure to name
oceans, rivers and seas in your description. Use
page 127 in your textbook for further details.
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Pax Romana

• Pax Romana, Latin for "the Roman peace", is the
  long period of peace experienced by states within
  the Roman Empire. The term stems from the fact
  that Roman rule and its legal system pacified
  regions which had suffered from the quarrels
  between rival leaders, sometimes forcefully.
  During this time Rome still fought a number of
  wars against neighboring states and tribes, most
  notably the Germanic tribes and Parthia. It was
  an era of relative tranquility, in which Rome
  endured neither major civil wars, such as the
  perpetual bloodshed of the first century BC, nor
  serious invasions. Characterized by rule by
  emperors and a lack of democracy. Strong military
  presence.

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The Roman Achievement

• Turn in your textbook to page 137.
• Roman Roads - As early as the 4th century BC, a
  good road system was recognized as vital for
  military deployment, communication and increasing
  commerce. By having an option to traveling around
  the peninsula or along the coast line of Italy,
  travelers and merchants could avoid some threat
  of storms, pirates and navigational problems.
• Well trained and extensive military. Because the
  military presence on Roman roads was so
  extensive, travel and trade were safer and much
  faster.
• Roman rule of law - An accused person is innocent
  until proven guilty.

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The Roman Achievement
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The Roman Achievement

• Aqueducts Roman water systems often carried
  water to cities from mountain streams hundreds of
  miles away. Only a highly organized civilization
  with advanced technology could create such a
  system.

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The Roman Achievement

• Highly sophisticated public buildings and baths.

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The Rise of ChristianityTextbook - page 144

• Despite Roman persecution of the early
  Church, the Pax Romana and the extensive Roman
  transportation system allowed Christianity to
  spread throughout the Roman empire. The huge
  slave population made Christianity attractive to
  a wide section of the population. By 312 AD,
  Emperor Constantine had decreed Christianity the
  official religion of Rome.

Jesus healing the blind man.