Ancient Egypt 2-3 The Middle and New Kingdoms

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Ancient Egypt2-3 The Middle and New Kingdoms
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Essential Questions

• Explain the importance of Hatshepsuts rule and
  some of it key features.
• Explain the importance of the discover of King
  Tutankhamen's tomb.

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Vocabulary

• Tribute - Forced payment made by one group to
  another to show loyalty or for protection
• Incense - A material burned for its pleasant
  smell.

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Middle Kingdom

• 2050 BC 1670 BC
• The capital city moved from Memphis to Thebes
• Egypt starts to take over more land, including
  Nubia to the south
• Force conquered people to send tribute, or forced
  payments, to the pharaoh.

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• Middle Kingdom Achievements
• Art, literature and architecture flourish during
  the Middle Kingdom
• Added waterways and canals

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Valley of the Kings

• Pharaoh stop building massive tombs and choose to
  be buried in hidden tombs cut into cliffs.

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Hyksos Attack

• In1670 BC, the Hyksos, invaders from the middle
  east, attacked and conquered Egypt.
• Will rule for the next 120 years

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Ahmose

• Drove the Hyksos out of Egypt
• His reign started the New Kingdom

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• New Kingdom
• It is during the New Kingdom that the Egyptians
  begin to call the rulers pharaohs, as a sign of
  respect
• Egypt continues to grow and become a major world
  power

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Hatshepsut

• One of the few women to rule Egypt
• Became ruler after her ½ brother, Thutmose II,
  died (Thutmoses son was too young too rule).
• She was suppose to be a temporary ruler, but she
  ruled for 20 years!
• More interested in trade than military action
• Brought great wealth to Egypt

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• She had a temple built in her honor with large
  obelisks in front

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Hatshepsut's Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahri
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Inside Hatshepsuts Temple
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Hatshepsuts Obelisks. The one on the right is
partially walled off.
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Obelisks in the USA
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• Hatshepsuts mummy

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Museum of Fine Arts Boston Sarcophagus
originally made for Hatshepsut. She had it
re-engraved for her father, Thutmose I, when she
moved his mummy into her tomb. At the last
minute, it was discovered that the sarcophagus
was too small for Thutmose Is mummy, still in
its original wooden coffin. Therefore, the
insides of the box had to be cut back to
receive it.
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• She was concerned with improving the HOME LIFE of
  Egypt, not enlarging the empire
• She focused on peace

• Achievements
• Trade Expedition (giving Egypt goods such as
  ivory, gold, ostrich feathers etc)
• Restored Temples
• Workers mined the desert for ore

Iron ore
Ivory comb
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Thutmose III

• Nephew of Hatshepsut and ruled after her death
  (and possibly co-ruled with her)
• Was a very successful military leader
• His victories brought Egypt great wealth
• Many nations sent gifts to Egypt as a sign of
  friendship (and out of fear)
• Enslaved many people
• Ordered carvings and statues of Hatshepsut to be
  destroyed (never proven)

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Destroyed reliefs of Hatshepsut
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Destroyed reliefs of Hatshepsut
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Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)

• Married to Nefertiti
• Introduced a new religion with one God, Aton
• Never a good idea to mess with peoples religion.
  This will cause many to hate him.
• People refused to accept this new religion
• Neglected his duties as pharaoh.

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Nefertiti
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Tutankhamen (King Tut)

• Son of Akhenaton
• 10 years old when he inherited the throne
• Ruled for only 9 years
• Most famous of all the pharaoh due the discovery
  of his tomb
• Discovery by Howard Carter in 1922
• Only intact pharaohs tomb ever found
• Inside Tut's Tomb

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1920s Fashion (Tut-Mania)
The New York Times reported on America's
Tutmania "There is only one topic of
conversationOne cannot escape the name of
Tut-Ankh-Amen anywhere. It is shouted in the
streets, whispered in the hotels, while the local
shops advertise Tut-Ankh-Amen art, Tut-Ankh-Amen
hats, Tut-Ankh-Amen curios, Tut-Ankh-Amen
photographs, and tomorrow probably genuine
Tut-Ankh-Amen antiquities. Every hotel in Luxor
today had something a la Tut-Ankh-AmenThere is a
Tut-Ankh-Amen dance tonight at which the piece is
to be a Tut-Ankh-Amen rag."
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Tut-mania of the 1970s
Steve Martin - KING TUT
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Ramses II

• Reigned for 66 years. Did more than any other
  pharaoh to be remembered forever.
• Built several major temples. Not only used for
  religious ceremonies, but also as BANKS
• Believed by Christians to be the pharaoh Moses
  confronts in Exodus.
• Building projects were huge, had his name
  engraved on all of them.
• Ordered four huge statues of himself placed in
  front of the temple built in his honor.
• After Ramses II, Egypts power faded and it was
  conquered by many outside groups.

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• Colossus of Ramses II at Karnak

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Egyptian Achievements

• Art
• 1) Built great temples (showing their success in
  architecture engineering
• 2) Created beautiful painting on temple walls (to
  honor and serve the kings gods)

• Science
• 1) invented a more accurate lunar (moon)
  calendar better than Babylonian
• 2) Medicine doctors wrote a scientific
  handbook for surgeons
• Indigestion
• Crush a hog's tooth and put it inside of four
  sugar cakes. Eat for four days.

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