Ridvan BOZKURT

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INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING IE 101 ATILIM
UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2009 2010 FALL SEMESTER

• Ridvan BOZKURT

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX CUBE SQUARE LAW

• As an object getting smaller, its volume
  decreases much faster than its area. Therefore,
  the surface area to volume ratio increases with
  smaller objects.
• A 4 ? r2
• V (4 / 3) ? r3
• A / V 3 / r

sphere
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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX CUBE SQUARE LAW

• Question You want to store 50 000 litres of
  diesel fuel. You are contemplating purchasing one
  50 000 litres tank or five 10 000 liters tank.
  Which one do you choose and why?

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX CUBE SQUARE LAW

• Answer Tank cost is determined by the surface
  area. Because a large tank has less surface area
  per volume, it will be less expensive to purchase
  one large tank rather than five smaller tank.

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
Nonlinear response
Output
Linear response
Diminishing returns There is not as much output
per unit of input
With small inputs, the output increases
linearly, but with larger inputs, the output
levels off.
Input
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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS

• The more time an engineer spends designing a
  product, the better the product becomes. Time is
  the input and product quality is the output. In
  the early stages of the design, product quality
  improves dramatically with each additional hour
  spent on the project. However at some point an
  additional hour spent does not improve the design
  much more. Once, this occurs, the engineer is
  getting diminishing returns on his effort.

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX PUT THE MATERIALS WHERE THE
STRESSES ARE GREATEST

• when designing a structure or product, engineers
  minimize the amounts of materials used.
• The cost of most products is directly related to
  the amount of material in them therefore by
  reducing the amount of material, the product will
  be less expensive.
• Portable products must be lightweight to be
  accepted by the public.
• Fuel requirements increase as a vehicle becomes
  more massive.

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX PUT THE MATERIALS WHERE THE
STRESSES ARE GREATEST

• Loading of a Rectangular Beam

Compression
Tension
Centre line
Centre line
I beam
Rect beam
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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX PUT THE MATERIALS WHERE THE
STRESSES ARE GREATEST

• Stresses on a dam
• As the water depth increases, so does the
  pressure, which put more stress at the bottom of
  the dam. To counteract these stresses, the dam is
  thicker at the bottom.

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX GLOSSARY

• Analysis The process of defining and seeking an
  answer to a problem.
• Engineering design model A procedure of
  synthesis, analysis, communication and
  implementation used to design solutions to
  problems.
• Mathematical model Mathematical formulas that
  describe a physical model.

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ENGINEERING TOOLBOX GLOSSARY

• Model A representation of a real physical model.
• Physical model A physical representation of a
  complex system.
• Qualitative model A non-numerical description of
  a physical system combining smaller parts to form
  a coherent whole.