Democracy in Africa

1
Democracy in Africa
2
European Problems

• Borders
• Combined rival groups, hard to establish national
  identity
• Cash Crops
• Lack of skilled, literate work force

3
Democracy

• Britain and France left democracies
• Nigeria and its federal system (central authority
  and 3 established states)
• Igbo (east)
• Hausa-Fulani (north)
• Yoruba (west)

4
Nigeria

• Igbo minorities rebel and take Yoruba capital
• Hausa-Fulani retaliate and attack from north
• Igbo fled to east and become the nation of Biafra
• Reunification war3 years
• 1970 Biafra surrenders, millions of Igbo dies as
  a result

5
Nigeria Round 2

• Goal establish a stable federal system with
  strong central government and 19 regions
• Try to hold elections in 1993, but a military
  dictator takes power and kills all dissidents
  (opponents of policy)
• Military rule is ended in 1999 and 1st civilian
  president is elected

6
South Africa

• Self-rule then a constitutional government
• National Party Afrikaner nationalism and
  Apartheid (complete separation of races)
• Homelands 75 of population gets 13 of land
  (1959)
• African National Congress (ANC) created
• Sharpeville massacre
• Soweto school riots
• Nelson Mandela
• State of Emergency

7
Change in South Africa

• Boycotts receive international support
• President F. W. de Klerk
• Legalized ANC
• Released Mandela
• Repealed Apartheid
• April 1994 1st Universal elections
• ANC gets 400 seats in house and Mandela as
  President
• 1996 New Constitution
• Bill of rights, forbids discrimination, protects
  minority rights, right to travel freely and right
  to healthcare, housing and education

8
South African Constitution