Respiration

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Respiration
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All organisms need energy
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Why do we need energy?

• To Grow
• To Move
• To Reproduce
• ETC.

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Respiration provides energy from food
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The energy carrier of all cells
ATP
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ATP PRODUCTION
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Intermediate Electron CarriersNads and fads

• NADH
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• NAD H ? NADH

• FADH2
• Flavin adenine dinucleotide
• FAD 2H ? FADH2

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Oxygen might be needed

• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen

• Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen

Or Not!
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Anaerobic Respiration

• No oxygen is needed.
• Some small organisms do this.
• Other cells that do this include human muscle
  cells during times of low oxygen.
• Fermentation often follows.
• Glycolysis occurs in all cells.
• Provides only a little energy
• 2 ATP net gain.

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GLYCOLYSIS

• RELEASES
• 2adp 2p
• 2 PYRUVATE
• 2 NADh
• 4 ATP

• NEEDS
• 2 ATP
• 1 GLUCOSE
• 2 NAD
• 4 ADP4P

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Glycolysis

• Occurs in cytoplasm of all cells.
• Breaks down glucose incompletely.
• Provides the cell with a net gain of only 2 ATP.
• Is often followed by fermentation.

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anAerobic Respiration (Glycolysis) can be
followed by Fermentation

• Muscle cells further break down pyruvate into
  lactic acid but this doesnt provide any
  additional ATP.
• Lactic acid is toxic and causes muscle aches.
  When the physical exertion ends (you collapse),
  your body will clear itself of the toxins.

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Yeast carry out Alcoholic Fermentation

• After glycolysis, yeast further breaks down
  pyruvate to CO2 and alcohol.
• The CO2 bubbles off (making bread rise and
  bubbles in drinks).
• The alcohol is given off by the yeast as a waste.

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Aerobic Respiration Equation

• C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O
  ATP
• Glucose oxygen carbon
  dioxide water ATP

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Aerobic Respiration has three major steps

• 1 ?
• 2 ?
• 3 ?

34-36 ATP
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The Krebs Cycle

• Needs
• 2 FAD
• 6 NAD
• Pyruvate
• 2ADP 2P

• RELEASES
• 2 FADH2
• 6 NADH
• CO2
• 2ATP

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Electron Transport chain (ETc)

• 
  Occurs on the cristae
  of the mitochondrion
• 
  

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The Electron Transport chain

• Needs
• 2 FADH2
• 10 NADH
• O2
• ADP P

• Releases
• FAD
• NAD
• H2O
• Up to 34 ATP

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Final ATP Tally
Stage NADH FADH2 ATP Yield
Glycolysis 2 2
Pyruvic acid conversion 2
Krebs cycle 6 2 2
ETC 10 32-34
Loss due to active transport -2
Total ATP ? ? 36-38
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Respiration provides Energy from food so we can
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The end