Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Željka Markovic -Sekulic

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Monitoring the situation in a given social area,
  including the position of women and men in that
  area, is based on data collection and processing.
• Article 18. of the Law stipulates that all state
  organs, public institutions, state and private
  enterprises and other subjects have to ensure the
  collecting of gender-disaggregated data for all
  information on individuals. The data have to be
  available to the public.

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Women and governance in eastern Europe and CIS

• MUNICIPAL ELECTION COMMISSIONS STATISTIC DATA
  ON THE STATE LEVEL
• 501 of 515 available positions have been filled
• Gender structure of the appointed members in the
  municipal election commissions.
• TOTAL MEN WOMEN
  
• 501 316 63,07 191
  38,12
• Census from 1991
• TOTAL CROATS BOSNIAKS SERBS
  OTHER 4.377.033 17,38
  43,48 31,21 7,93
• Ethnic structure of the appointed members of the
  municipal election commissions
• TOTAL CROATS BOSNIAKS SERBS
  OTHER
• 501 99 19,76 195 38,92
  203 40,52 10 2,00

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• The Law that regulates, protects and promotes
  gender equality and guarantees equal
  opportunities for all male and female citizens,
  in both the public and the private social
  sphere..... (article 1.)
• Full gender equality is guaranteed in all social
  spheres, particularly in education, economy,
  employment and work, social and health care,
  sport, culture, public life and media, regardless
  of a persons marital and family status. (article
  2.)

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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Current state of gender equality in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
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Women and governance in eastern Europe and CIS

• Parallel indicators Current state of gender
  equality in the Serbian legislative and executive
  power
• Common parliamentary practice shows that the
  participation of women in the political and
  social life is still insufficient despite the
  higher percentage of women than men in the total
  population.
• The structure of the preceding Serbian Assembly
  included 51 or 20,4 of female delegates Women
  presided over only five of 30 boards - finance,
  health and family, interethnic relations, culture
  and informing and gender equality, while Nataša
  Micic was the only female parliamentary president
  in 18 years since the multi-party system has
  existed in Serbia.
• The situation in the Serbian Government is the
  same four out of 23 ministers are women, which
  makes their representation amount to 15 percent.

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Women and governance in eastern Europe and CIS

• The election race for the Assembly of Serbia
  included 1.019 women
• In the parliamentary elections held on May 11, 22
  political parties, coalitions and citizen groups
  offered 1.019 female candidates for the future
  delegates, thus fulfilling a legal obligation of
  including in their lists the minimum of 30 of
  candidates of the under-represented sex,
• There are 3.137 men on the election lists.
• Almost all participants observed in their lists
  the exact quota of women required by law, while
  some coalitions exceeded the legally determined
  quota by 1.
• Statistic figures show progress in this area, for
  example in the first parliament summoned after
  October 5 there were 27 women which is slightly
  over 10 , while the parliament assembled after
  the 2003 elections included 30 or 12 of women.

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Mechanisms for the monitoring and supervision
of the implementation of the Law in BiH
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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• The analysis and relations on the local level
• Coordination with cantonal, entity (Federation)
  and state institutions

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Criminal offences The Gender Equality Law of
  BiH
• Violence on the basis of sex any act of
  inflicting physical, mental, sexual or economic
  damage or pain, including the threatening with
  such acts, which seriously impair the ability of
  a person to exercise his/her rights and freedoms
  in line with gender equality principles in both
  the public and private sphere, including the
  trafficking in human beings for the purpose of
  compulsory labor as well as the limitation or
  arbitrary deprivation of freedom. (Article 4. b)

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Harassment every situation including unwanted
  conduct related to a persons sex undertaken with
  the goal of damaging the persons dignity or
  creating a frightening, hostile, humiliating,
  threatening or similar situation

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Women and governance in eastern Europe and CIS

• Criminal offences
• Sexual harassment every conduct which through
  words, acts or psychological treatment of
  sexually explicit nature aims at (or results in)
  damaging a persons dignity or creating a
  frightening, hostile, humiliating, threatening or
  similar situation, motivated by a persons sex or
  different sexual orientation which the damaged
  person experiences as unwanted physical, verbal,
  psychological or other treatment.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Affirmative/special temporary measures
• With the accepting and signing of the Beijing
  Declaration along with the Action Platform and
  the UN Convention on the elimination of all forms
  of discrimination against women, Bosnia and
  Herzegovina committed itself to taking
  affirmative and special action with the goal of
  removing the observed instances of gender
  inequality in certain areas of social life
• With regard to that, the Gender Equality Law of
  BIH permits the introduction of
  affirmative/special measures with the purpose of
  promoting gender equity and equality and
  eliminating the existing inequality (Subsection
  5. Article 3.)
• Examples of affirmative/special temporary
  measures
• Regulation of Article 4. 19. of the Election Law
  of Bosnia and Herzegovina (INTRODUCING THE QUOTA
  FOR UNDER-REPRESENTED SEX ON THE CANDIDATE
  LISTS).

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• To what extent ?
• State bodies and local governance bodies,
  political parties and other non-profit
  organizations ensure and promote equal
  representation of sexes in the governing and
  decision-making processes?
• Have the sets of measures aimed at improving
  equal representation of sexes in the governing
  bodies on all levels been passed and, if yes, to
  what extent.
• Does and, if yes, to what extent, the percentage
  of participation of men and women in the
  governing bodies on all levels, including the
  judiciary, legislative and executive power,
  reflect equal representation of sexes.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• According to European standards, an organ ensures
  equal representation of sexes if it includes at
  least 40 of members of the same sex.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• All statistic data and information collected,
  registered and processed by the state organs,
  public services and institutions on all levels,
  state and private enterprises, and other subjects
  must be gender-disaggregated.
• (Article 18.)

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• In accordance with that obligation, the Statistic
  Agency of the Federation BIH has announced the
  gender-disaggregated data concerning the number
  of registered voters and the voters who cast
  their vote issued by the Central Election
  Commission (Elections held in 2006).
• These data show that among the registered voters
  for the 2006 elections there were 50,3 women and
  49,7 men. Out of the total number of actual
  voters, 48,9 were female and 51,1 male.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Monitoring and supervision of the implementation
  of the Law
• The Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees of
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
• The Agency for Gender Equality of Bosnia and
  Herzegovina
• The Gender Center of the Federation of Bosnia and
  Herzegovina
• The Gender center of the Government of the
  Republic of Srpska.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Article 21.
• Adopting the program of measures aimed at
  ensuring gender equality in all areas and on all
  levels of governance
• Passing new legislation or introducing amendments
  to the existing legislation with the purpose of
  harmonizing them with the regulations of the new
  Law
• Ensuring legal, civil and penal protection in all
  cases of violation of the Laws regulations
• Organizing the collecting of gender-disaggregated
  data in all economic subjects, private and state
  enterprises, state and private organizations and
  institutions as well as the access to such
  information.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Monitoring and supervising the implementation of
  the Gender Equality Law of BiH
• In 2006, The Council of Ministers of BiH passed
  the Gender Action Plan which lists the
  obligations of governing organs and
  non-governmental sector in 15 areas of social
  life concerning the integration of gender
  equality and equity principles in the
  governmental and other policies.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Penal law
• Taking legal action and agreeing on measures
  concerning criminal offence embedded in this Law
  is URGENT and has a high priority in the work of
  authorized organs
• Violence, harassment and sexual harassment -
  imprisonment for the period ranging from 6 months
  to 5 years.
• In case of criminal offences referred to in
  Article 28. of the Law penalty ranging from
  1.000 to 30.000 BAM.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• Data have been collected from the Cantonal
  Prosecutors Office of the Zenica-Doboj Canton,
  the Zenica Cantonal Court, the municipal courts
  from Zenica-Doboj Canton and all cantonal organs
  and organizations of the Zenica Doboj Canton
• The evidence of the Cantonal Prosecutors Office
  of the Zenica-Doboj canton
• Number of victims
• According to reported offences, there were 98
  victims including 4 victims are parents, 70
  victims are female spouses and 24 victims are
  children.
• The total number of male victims amounts to 15
  (of which 12 children), and that of female
  victims to 83 (of which 12 children).
• 83 of 85 reported perpetrators were male and 2
  were female.
• Number of reports
• 81 criminal offences altogether has been
  reported.
• Indictments
• 31 persons were indicted
• Cases in progress
• Criminal investigations for five persons are in
  progress, and the main hearing for 20 persons.
• e) Legally valid verdicts
• 11 persons altogether have been sentenced 1
  person to imprisonment, 1 person was fined, 6
  persons were sentenced to probation, while the
  court declared mental incompetence in two cases,
  and for one person indictment was repealed.
• The stated data refer to the regulation in
  Article 222. of the Penal Law of FBIH, and
  since the Gender Equality Law of BIH was passed
  by the Parliament of BiH, the Prosecutors Office
  of BIH is authorized for its implementation.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• According to the evidence of the Cantonal Court
  in Zenica
• I-2 cases for the criminal offence of attempted
  rape from Article 203 Subsection 5. of the PLFBIH
  two cases, legally valid verdicts were passed
• II-1 case for the criminal offence from Article
  207 Subsection 2 of PL FBIH- sexual intercourse
  with a child, legally valid verdict was passed
• III- Invalid verdict was passed in a single case
  for the criminal offence from Article 224.
  Subsection 2. in relation to Subsection 1 PL FBIH
  underage sexual intercourse a daughter
• IV- one case in progress for the criminal offence
  from Article 207. Subsection 4. on sexual
  intercourse with a child (daughter) in a
  situation related to the criminal offence of
  incest from Article 213. Subsection 3. PL FBIH
• In all abovementioned cases damaged persons were
  female.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• The evidence of the Kakanj Municipal Court
• Three criminal proceedings were started for the
  criminal offence of family violence from Article
  222. PL FBIH as follows
• Prostitution 1, procedure completed, a convicting
  verdict pronounced
• Instigation to prostitution 1 the trial is in the
  phase of fixing the date of the main hearing
• Sexual intercourse with a child, the trial in the
  phase of fixing the date of the main hearing
• Family violence 3, of which 2 completed with a
  convicting verdict and 1 trial in the phase of
  fixing the date of the main hearing.
• From Article 222. Subsection 2. PLFBIH -1 case
  completed
• From Article 222. Subsection 4. PLFBIH -1 case
  completed
• From Article 222. Subsection 4.PLFBIH - 1 case
  completed.

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Žene i vlast u Istocnoj Europi i CIS

• The evidence of the Zenica-Doboj canton
• Governmental expert bodies
• The Office of the President of the Zenica-Doboj
  Canton
• The assembly expert bodies
• The Ministries of judiciary and public
  administration
• The Ministries of veterans issues
• The Agencies for privatization of the
  Zenica-Doboj Canton and the Business centers
• Services for joint activities
• Cantonal directorates for inspection affairs
• Cantonal directorates for commodity reserves i
• There were no reported cases of discrimination in
  accordance with the Gender Equality Law of BIH,
  with the remark that other organs and
  organizations of Zenica-Doboj canton failed to
  submit the required data.

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Women and governance in Eastern Europe and CIS

• The evidence of the Ministry of education,
  science, culture and sport of the Zenica-Doboj
  canton
• Reports by the Prosecutors Office of BIH and the
  Ministry of the Interior of the Zenica-Doboj
  canton one case of reported sexual harassment of
  a female pupil in the Zenica Gymnasium. The trial
  was stopped due to insufficient evidence.
  Disciplinary measures introduced by the Ministry.
• Sexual harassment of a female pupil by the
  librarian of the Primary school Kovaci in
  Zavidovici, trial in progress
• Attempted sexual harassment in the Primary school
  Perin Han in Zenica by a pupil from the higher
  grade, trial in progress.
• (Information collected and processed by the
  Ministry of justice and administration of
  Zenica-Doboj canton

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