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Cross cultural Business Behaviour

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Title: Cross cultural Business Behaviour


1
Cross cultural Business Behaviour
  • Web reader
  • http//docweb.khk.be/Jan20Agten/logincross.htm

2
Whats in a word?
  • Multi-cultural
  • Enumeration, number, many
  • Inter-cultural
  • Interaction between different cultures
  • Exchange
  • Melting pot mixure
  • Intra-cultural
  • Differences within one culture,
  • Eg. workers employees in Belgium
  • Eg. Youngsters adults / students teachers
  • Corporate culture
  • Cross-cultural
  • Intention to meet and to bridge on an equal basis

3
Interculturalism
  • Related to culture(s)
  • Derived from the latin word inter and takes
    place between different cultures
  • Dynamic concept focusing on exchange and
    mediation
  • Multiculturalism describes the situation of many
    cultures existing side by side of whith each
    another

4
Intercultural Reflections
  • The forces that bring people from other cultures
    into your life are dynamic, potent and ever
    present.
  • Myron W. Lustig, Jolene Koester

5
What?
  • The single greatest barrier to business
    success is the one erected by culture.
  • - Edward T. Hall and Mildred Reed Hall

Culture is a thin but very important veneer that
you must be careful not to scratch. People from
different cultures are basically the same and
respond in the same way. However, make sure that
you understand their basic customs and show
interest and willingness to learn differences
between your cultures. - Mike Willis
6
Differences in culture
  • CULTURE
  • In ordinary speech, the word culture refers to
    the entire way of life of a society.
  • To the sociologist and anthropologists, culture
    consists of all the shared products of human
    society.
  • These products are of two basic kinds
  • Material ArtifactsPhysical Objects Clothing,
    Schools, Factories, Cities, Books
  • Non material language, Ideas, Beliefs, Rule,
    Customs, Skills, Family patterns, Political
    systems
  • Hospitality companies entering a new market use
    different approaches to address these issues
  • Todays hospitality managers must be able to
    understand and adapt to different cultures

7
Why?
  • Meeting, dealing, entertaining, negotiating,
    corresponding with people of a different culture
    can be a minefield.
  • Learning the simple do donts can help to
    avoid simple mistakes and help generate respect
    and understanding.
  • Thus, success of your mobility requires two
    things
  • 1 intercultural awareness and
  • 2 effective cross-cultural communication skills.
  • It also helps to minimize a cultural shock!

8
The Nordic way of doing business or is there
one?
9
A cultural survey
  • Based on Hofstedes theory
  • http//www.geert-hofstede.com/geert_hofstede_resou
    rces.shtml

10
Cultural DIMENSIONSHofstede
  • Power Distance (PDI)
  • Individualism (IDV)
  • Masculinity (MAS)
  • Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)
  • Longterm Orientation (LTO)

11
Power distance (PDI)
  • To what extent do we accept that some people have
    more power than others?
  • High Low
  • hierarchical egalitarian
  • top-down top-down / bottom-up
  • Latin Germanic

12
Individualism vs collectivism (IDV)
  • Individualism
  • I
  • small group
  • independence
  • personality
  •  Western 
  • Collectivism
  • we
  • extended family, group
  • interdependence
  • harmony
  • Portugal, Greece, Spain, Africa, Asia, Latin
    America

13
Masculinity vs femininity (MAS)
  • Femininity
  • don t be different
  • sympathy for the weak
  • solidarity, caring
  • environment
  • Scandinavian countries, The Netherlands, Africa
  • Masculinity
  • be the best
  • ambition, competition
  • money, performance
  • success, technology
  • Italy, Germany, UK, Belgium, USA

14
Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)
  • Strong UA
  • uncertainty threat
  • the unknown danger,
  • risk averse
  • distrust, stress
  • Greece, Latin countries, German speaking
    countries, Finland
  • Weak UA
  • uncertainty normal
  • the unknown interesting
  • risk taking,  open 
  • relax,  cool 
  • Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Dutch

15
Longterm Orientation (LTO)
  • LTO
  • Future directed
  • Perseverence
  • Thrift
  • Short-term Orientation
  • Past and present oriented
  • Tradition
  • Perseveration of face
  • Fulfilling social obligations

16
Culture Hofstede
  • Cultural Differences are programmedCulture is
    the sofware of the mind
  • ex. Interpretation of State Regulations
  • Every thing what is not forbidden is aloud
  • ? FR
  • Every thing what is not aloud is forbidden
  • ? D
  • Many things which are forbidden are aloud if not
    controlled
  • ? B

17
Culture Hofstede
  • Levels of cultural programming

Inherited and learned
Specific to individual
Personality
individual
Specific to group or category
Culture
Learned
Inherited
Human nature
Universal
18
Culture as an iceberg
manners, customs, language, history
explicit
1/9
tacit
Values, vision of the world, presumptions,
way of thinking
8/9
19
Culture Onion-diagram
symbols
heroes
rituals
values
practices
20
Symbols
21
Symbols
22
Heroes
23
Rituals
24
Symbols
25
Culture Hofstede
  • Cultural Differences
  • programmed ex.
  • Universal theory of needs ? universal
  • Maslovs theory in US (low collectivism)
  • dimensions are based on world statistics
  • explanations for obvious differences

26
The process of living with differences
  • Exercice Barnga
  • Playing cards

27
Culture as a static concept
  • Define membership and identity
  • Create exclusion of non members
  • Regulate external adaptation
  • Regulate internal integration
  • Maintain norms that create order
  • Hence favour survival
  • and resist or absorb change

28
Culture as a dynamic conceptdiversity as a added
value
  • Cultural differences are challenging
  • Challenge creativity
  • Open minded
  • Stimulate communication
  • Never the same
  • Attractive
  • Boost change

29
Why diversity in business
  • Due to its service oriented nature, and the rapid
    expansion of the industry worldwide, the need for
    cultural awareness and management of a diverse
    workforce are becoming essential components for
    a successful outcome.
  • There are many examples of successful companies
    that failed to maintain their success when
    expanded their business into other countries
    simply due to lack of cultural differences among
    employees and guests in the host country, and
    their inability to manage a diverse workforce.
  • Companies that prosper have the capacity to
    effectively solve problems, rapidly adapt to new
    situations, readily identify new opportunities
    and quickly capitalize on them. This capacity can
    be measured by the range of talent, experience,
    knowledge, insight, and imagination available in
    their workforces.
  • According to Dr. Santiago Rodriguez, Director of
    Diversity for Microsoft, true diversity is
    exemplified by companies that hire people who
    are different knowing and valuing that they
    will change the way you do business.
  • Andreas Christoforou The need for Cultural
    Awareness and Diversity Management

30
FACTORS MOTIVATING COMPANIES TO DIVERSIFY THEIR
WORKFORCE
  • Social Responsibility
  • Economic Payback
  • Resource Imperative
  • Legal Requirement
  • Marketing Strategy
  • Business Communications Strategy

31
How to manage differences?
  • Discuss in your team and collect the differences
  • What language(s) do you speak at home?
  • How many times do you have to have met someone
    before you invite them into your home?
  • What do you do to welcome someone into your home?
    What would your grandparents do differently?
  • What drink do you offer a guest?
  • How do you greet a guest handshake, kiss,
    embrace? Does this depend on their age nd if
    theyre male of female?
  • What is your favourite place in your home?

32
Crossing the cultural treshold
  • Compare your team findings with the sample given
    in Crossing the cultural tresholds
  • What suits, what differs?
  • Discover the differences in inter-cultural
    perspective and in intra-cultural perspective

33
Mind the cultural gap
  • Misunderstandings as an invitation to take
    contact
  • Etiquette
  • Please
  • Smiling
  • Shaking hands
  • Kissing

34
(No Transcript)
35
Misunderstandings as to know
  • Hygiene
  • wash dishes
  • washing and bathing
  • personal washing
  • nose blowing and sniffing
  • animals - pets
  • carpets

36
Misunderstandings as to discuss
  • Food and drink
  • Serviette
  • Fresh crusty bread
  • Bar visit (number of drinks way of paying)
  • Leave a little in glass

37
Misunderstandings as to feel
  • Time
  • Polite is be late 10 min early is polite
  • Organic time linear time
  • Time for going out
  • Agreeing and disagreeing
  • Impossible to say no
  • Wanting to please by saying yes

38
Exercise on identity
39
Unique Personality
- education
religion -
- sexe
City/rural -
- gender
-
- black/white
- ethnicity
unique personality
Social - economic -
- nationality
- age
-
- decent
Physical/mental condition -
- profession
family -
40
Cultural identity
41
Cultural identity
We are all exciting immigrants
Cultures dont meet, people do!
42
Culture as Backpack
  • In different contexts differents aspects of
    identity
  • Shopping culture I am unique
  • Easily move flexibility

43
Cultural Risks
44
Diversity and identity
  • DIVERSITY (DIVERSE WORKFORCE)
  • A diverse workforce consists of diversity in
  • Racial background
  • Ethnic background,
  • Language,
  • Religion,
  • Age,
  • Gender,
  • Sexual orientation,
  • Lifestyle,
  • Education,
  • Experience,
  • And/or ability differences (Hayles et al, 1997).
  • Each of these characteristics and experiences
    makes a person unique
  • Hayles et al (1997) stated that diversity
    provides access to a larger pool of knowledge,
    skills and abilities, which can create a huge
    benefit to an organization.

45
Questions ?
  • Has culture an influence on business?
  • Is culture a manageable thing?
  • On an individual level? (micro)
  • On a interprise level? (meso)
  • On a structural level? (macro)
  • How does culture function?

46
Culture Onion-diagram
symbols
heroes
rituals
Own culture
values
New culture
practices
47
Culture in business
  • Cultural awareness is absolutely essential to
    trading abroad
  • Cultural awareness helps you to
  • Adapt your product
  • Understand your costumer

48
Culture in business
  • Two Iron Rules of International Business
  • the Seller Is Expected to Adapt to the Buyer.
  • the Visitor Is Expected to Observe Local Customs

49
Culture in business behaviour
  • Cultural dimensions
  • Identity
  • Management of diversity

50
Misunderstandings
  • MOTTO
  • If you find yourself getting irritated by what
    someone from another culture does or says, the
    chances are that one of you has misunderstood
    something

51
Language
  • Reflect
  • will promote and disseminate the importance of
    language skills in SMEs by developing
  • Easy Trader

52
ECO - European Career Orientation
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