Cross cultural communication

About This Presentation

Title:

Cross cultural communication

Description:

Cross cultural communication Unit 1 language and culture in communication By the end of the unit, you ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:413

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 121

Provided by: myBtvuOr

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Cross cultural communication

1
?????
Cross cultural communication
?????
??????
???
2
Unit 1 language and culture in communication

By the end of the unit, you should be able to
Distinguish types of communication
Understand the basic of communication
Be aware of different definitions of a social
situation.
Be aware of different values in communication.

Can you find a Chinese equivalent to English word
communication?
Task 1.Analysing the basics of communication
essential elements and types.
1.There are at least two or more people.
2.There must be some contact between
communicators.
3.There must be a language shared by
communicators.
4.an exchange of information has taken place.

The types of communication
1.human communication
2.animal communication
3.human-animal communication
4.human-machine communication
5.machine to machine communication

Activity 2 meanings in communication
Utterance meaning what it normally means
Speakers meaningthe speaker has intended to
convey by way of utterance meaning .
Hearers meaningthe hearer ha understood on the
basis of the utterance meaning

Case analysing
Litz Dick, how long is your mum going to
stay?
Dick I dont know. I havent asked her.
Litz Why not ask her?
Dick What do you mean by asking her?
Litz I mean what I said. Just ask her how long
shes going to stay.

Activity 4communication in social situations
Essential components
1. Two or more participants
2.definition of the situation and goals
3.setting
4.schema
5.verbal communication
6.non-verbal communication
7.time and space.

8
Unit 2Culture Shock

By the end of the unit,you should be able to
Understand cultural differences in approaches to
hospitality,modesty,privacy,and politeness
Avoid taboo subjects in We
stern cultures

9
Activity 1 Hospitality

Analysize task 2 or too little?
1.lisa was taken aback by her host putting food
onto her plate because this seldom happens in her
country.
2.She kept finishing all the food on her plate
because she wished to be polite. That was a big
mistake because she found her plate refilled and
many more dishes following.

3.in the west ,if you were invited to have a meal
at someones home, there will often be only one
or two dishes.Even it was a formal dinner, it
would usually be just three coursessoup, main
dish, and desert. But in China,an informal dinner
would have four dishes and a soup a a formal
dinner would have at least eight dishes and a
soup.

4.Sea slug ia also called sea cucumber, which is
one of the most expensive dishes to feature in
Chinese cuisine. But most Westerners never like
it. That is why Lisa called it horrible stuff.
5.If you are bloated after a meal you feel very
full and uncomfortable due to eating too much.

12
Problems when east meets west

1.Lisa was surprised by Wangs remarks
denigrating his flat.He was probably just being
politely modest and the flat was not untidy .
Lisa certainly seems to think it odd that he
should say so. For Westerners compliments in
order to appear modest. She also seemed surprised
and perhaps a little offended by his remark about
her being tired after her work.

2.Wang was undoubtedly just trying to be polite
by showing concern for his guest. We often show
our concern by saying something like You must be
tired. Have a good rest. Unfortunately some
westerners are sensitive about such comments,
taking them as implying that they are not strong
enough and so easily get tired. Lisa obviously
took it amiss as suggesting that she was old and
weak.

3.Eight courses for one meal for westerners are
too many by western standards, As you may
probably know ,a western meal normally serves one
main course plus a starter and sweets or deserts.

15
Activity 2 Privacy

1.Its all right to ask children or a teenager
their age. But it is not normally polite in
English speaking societies to ask an adult their
age- and never a woman. On exception is perhaps
when it is a very old person, in their 80s or
90s, in which case they may be quite proud of
how old they are.

2.It is all right to ask someone what their job
or position is, but it is not polite to ask them
their salary. This is considered a private matter
in English speaking society.
3.It is all right to ask someone where they live,
but it is not polite to ask their rent.

4.The size of someones flat is a matter of
private thing.
5.Many people feel religious belief are very
personal and they may not feel comfortable to
tell someone they hardly know.
6.It is better to ask Do you have a family
instead of asking are you married?

7.People are sensitive about their personal
appearance, so it is not polite to mention it.
8.It is better not to ask how much someone has
paid for the clothes,furniture.
9.It is not polite to comment bluntly on
someones appearance.But you may sayHave you
been out in the sun?

19
Activity 3collectivism and individualism

Explain to the test
1.cluster a group of the same or similar
elements gathered or occurring closely together
a bunch
2.valuea principle, standard , or considered
worthwhile or desirable
3.assumptionsomething taken for granted or
accepted as true without proof

4.score highthink very highly of sth value sth.
5.having intrinsic worthhaving innate values,
inherent values
6.outlooka point of viewan attitude
7.in terms ofin relation to
8.regardless of in spite of

9.discourse patterndiscourse conventions,
discourse habits.
10.pride of placethe highest or the most
important position
11.to be conceivedto be thought, to be believed
12.counterpartone that has the same functions
and characteristics as another

13.owe sth to sb
14.in accordance with sbaccording to, in
correspondence with
15.valorisationto give or assign a value to
16.other interesting idioms using the words rope
or ropes

To be outside the rope
To be the ends of ones rope
To be on the high ropes
On the ropes
To give sb enough rope to hang himself
To learn the rope

24
Unit 3Whats in a name?

Activity 1 task 1Naming names
Most English people have three names.The last
name, or the surname is the family name. This is
the family name of the father and is given to all
his children. The first names are given names ,
which are given to the children at birth,Another
term used to refer to them is Christian names.

Read the text naming names and then answer the
following questions
Group discussions
1.How many name do most English people have?
2.Do the term last name, surname and family name
refer to the same name of a person?
3.Do the first names, given names and Christian
names refer to the same name of a person?

4.Why do parents have ot be careful about the
names for their children?
5.Which given names is usually used by English
people?
6.Why do some people use their middle name?
7.What form of name is commonly used among
friends and colleagues?

task 2initials
Tick the combination of names you think parents
should avoid giving their children.
1.Nichola Ann Green
2.William Patrick Wills
3.John Peter Hill
4.Fino Alice Tanner

5.Michael Adam Davies
6.Holly Rowan Hillman
7.Peter Ewan Steven T
8.Graham Adam Yiend
9.Alan Richard James

Task 3short forms
Give the short forms of the following names
Andrew David Stephen
Christopher
Rebecca Victoria Catherine

Activity 2Origins
Chinese names can give all sorts of information
about a person. They may give us clues about
where and when the person was born. Or they may
tell us something about their family
relationships, ethnic group, parents expectation
for the children ,sex.

Look at the origin of the English names and tell
the meaning of the following names.
Cook Forester Chandler
Taylor Clark Smith Turner
Butler Thatcher Cooper
Carter Fowler Mason Archer

Activity 3.Kin terms
Read the text about British families and try to
answer the following questions
Group discussion
1.How do British children address their parents
brothers and sisters in a traditional way? Give
examples. How do Chinese children address their
parentss brothers and sisters?

2.What are the differences mentioned between
Chinese and English kin terms?
3.Why do son-in-laws find it difficult to address
their parent-in-laws? Give examples
4.What is the easy way for son-in-laws to address
their mother-in-law and father-in-law when they
themselves have children?

Activity 4His and hers
Read the textWhy is Bob not a girl?
Group discussion
1.What about the differences in English male and
female names?
Number of syllables of first names
Number of syllables of pet names
Percentage of names with stress on a syllable
other than the first

Sound of the stressed syllables
Last sound
Speed at which fashion changes
Impressions conveyed

2.Is it a boy or a girl?
Sarah Christopher Claire Mathew
Emma David
Laura James Rebecca Daniel
Gemma Rachel Steven Kelly
Victoria Mark Andrew Katharine Paul
Michale

37
Unit 4social interaction

Activity 1 inviting
Expectations about when spouses should be
included in invitations differ between China nad
the west. Generally speaking for invitation to
any meal taking place in the evening, ranging
from those given at someones home through to
dinning out together or attending formal
banquets,both husband and wife will be include.
This is not expected in the case of mid-meals ,
probably because couples often work in different
places and some jobs involve taking a working
lunch.

Activity 2 Footing the bill
Explain to the text footing the bill
1.foot the billpay for the cost of something
when the bill is presented as at the end of a
meal.
2.do Dutchshare the cost of the meal equally
between the friends
3.grab the billpick up the bill to pay

4.pool the money put the right amount of money
together to pay the bill.
5.buy his roundask everyone what they would like
and then go to the bar to get the drinks.

Activity 3 gifts
In the west, it is polite to open the gifts as
soon as they are given to express appreciation.
Guest invited to dinner in the west frequently
bring only opne bottle of wine .One is quite
enough, two are of course welcome but unusual and
not expected. As they are expected to be consumed

At the meal .Bring two might even give the
impression that the giver is heavy drinker who
fears she will not have enough to drink. Taking
fruit to such an occasion is unusual.
Traditionally gifts of fruits are thought of only
appropriate for the visitors to people who are
ill.

Activity 5 compliments
Normally ,when hearing compliments, a typical
Chinese reaction is to show modesty and humility
by saying such words as buhao. Such attitudes
towards praise and compliments are considered to
be appropriate and are regarded as virtues.

Activity 6 Disagreeing Agreeably
Explain to the text
1.phrasing a polite refusal choosing the best
form of words to make the refusal sound polite.
2.Sino Chinese
3.chauffeura driver who is paid to make the
refusal sound polite.

4.admit that something is true.
5.flatlydirectly , straightly ,clearly
6.at its face valueliterally
7.white lieslies told with good intentions

45
Unite 5 Roles and relations

Activity 1Child-rearing
Child-rearing in Chinese and Australian families
are different. Read the text and discuss the
following question according to the Australian
families and Chinese families.

1.What is the primary relationship in a family?
2.Who makes important decisions?
3.Do unmarried children leave home and live
independently?
4.Are children expected to work during their
school years?

5.If parents give financial support to their
children at university, do they expect to get
repaid?
6.What is considered to be the true expression of
real family feeling?

Activity 2Family Relationship
Topic for group discussion
1.Whose side should the man take in the event of
any quarrel between his wife and his mother?
2.How do people choose their partners?

3.What is the most important relationship in the
family?
4.What is expected from the son towards their
parents?
5.What is expected from the parents towards their
children?

Activity 3Friendship
Topic for group discussion
1.How often do you get together with your friends
for fun?
2.Can you make a list of topics you and your
friends often cover at your getting-together?

3.Can you make a list of places where you first
met your friend?
4.When is the last time you ask your friends for
help? What kind of help was that?
5.Do you think that being polite to someone is a
way to show that you do not consider that person
as your friend?

52
Activity 6 non-verbal communication

Tell what non-verbal communication is.
Explain rules for using gestures .
Various facial expressions.
Describe rules governing eye contact.
There is language in the eye.
Idioms composed of arm,hand and finger

53
What is human communication?

human communication
verbal
non-verbal
body language
language
others
others
speaking
writing
sound
paralinguistic
sign language
spoken language
written language
flag,codes
gestures
informal
formal
54
Non-verbal Communication

Activity 1 Gestures
Gestures are an important component of non-verbal
communication. It must be emphasised that
gestures vary in meaning from culture to culture.
Question What does theses gestures mean to
others?

1.the ring gesture
In America, it means OK. Its great.
In Japan it means money
In France it means zero or worthless
In Tunisia Ill kill you.

2.the single finger beckon
In America it simply meanscome here.
In Yugoslavia and Malaysia it is only
used for beckoning
animals.
In Indonesia and Australia it is used for
beckoning prostitutes. ie, ladies for the night.

3.The thumbs-up sign
In Britain it means OK and is also used as a
sign for hitch-hiking.
In Greece it is an insult.

4. The ear-tug
In Spain it means someone is a sponger, ie.
Using other peoples money and never spending his
own.
In Greece it is a warning .
In Italy it is used to call someone a
homosexual.

5.the eyelid-pull
In France and Greece it means you cant full
me.
In Spain and Italy that you should be alert.
In South America it means he finds a woman
very attractive.

60
Activity 2 Facial Expressions

How many kinds of emotions can you name?

sad? happy?
grief-stricken?
ashamed?
surprised?

surprised fearful disgusted angry
shocked horrified revolted furious
grief-stricken embarrassed
ashamed proud shy bored suspicious
confused

62
happy
surprised
angry
afraid
sad
disgusted
63
Activity 4 There is language in her eye

1.Read the following statements and decide
whether they are true or false
( )1.Different cultures have different rules
for what is considered appropriate eye contact.
( )2.Within any one culture, the rules for eye
contact are usually the same for different
situations.

T
F
64

( )3.In dealing with strangers the rule for
British society is that you should look at them
but you shouldnt look at them for a long time.
( )4.In Britain, you can look at a stranger for
as long as you like providing that they are not
standing next to you.
( )5.If you dont look at a British person while
you are speaking to him, he will have a negative
impression of you.

T
F
T
65

( )6.When addressing a British audience you do
not need to bother to look at its members.
( )7.In a conversation, turn taking can be
signalled by the eye movements of the speakers.
( )8.Its important to look at a person when you
are speaking to him, but not that important when
you are listening to him.
( )9.There are cultures that value looking
someone straight in the eye
no matter who that person is.

F
T
F
T
66
Activity 4 Keeping ones distance

Four categories of distance for Americans

social distance
friendsand relatives
public distance
67

Arabic customs of keeping ones distance
1.Pushing and shoving in public places.
2.Public means public and there is no such
thing as an intrusion.
3.People do not have any concept of a private
zone outside the body.
4.Continued pressure from the desert has
resulted in cultural adaptation to high
population density.

5.People are deeply involved with each other and
do not like to be alone.
6.Not only is the sheer level much higher, but
also the piercing look of the eyes, the touch of
the hands, and the mutual bathing in the aroma of
moist breath during conversation are intense.
7.the best way to communicate one another is
not only eyeball to eyeball, but also breath to
breath.

American customs of keeping ones distance
1.As soon as a person stops or is seated in a
public place, there balloons around him a small
sphere of privacy which is considered inviolate.
2.The mere touching of another person during an
argument used to be legally defined as an
assault.
3.People are trained not to breath in peoples
face and the way to communicate one another is
eyeball to eyeball.

70
Activity 5Idioms composed of arm, hand ,and
finger.

Try to know the idioms and their meanings
1.lay a finger on sb to touch sb.with the
intention of harming them.
2.put ones hand in ones pocketto be ready to
spend or give money.
3.give sb. a big hand.applaud sb. Loudly.
4.keep ones finger on the pulseto know all the
latest news, development.

5.keep ones hand indo activity in order to
remain skilled at it.
6.within arms reach sth.which you can reach
easily.
7.ask for a womans handto propose marriage.
8.put ones finger on sth.to identify an error,
or cause of a problem.
9.keep sb. at arms lengthavoid becoming too
friendly.

72
Complete the following sentences

1.I do think her presentation is wonderful. I
imply cant _______________the flaw in her
argument.
2.He is a very independent person, and he doesnt
need anyone to ____________when he is in trouble.
3. He is very hospitable. Whenever we go to visit
him, he always_______________________.
4.She is a bit secretive and reserved. Even
thought she always wears a smile on her face, you
can tell that she wants to _____________________

put my finger on
hold his hand
welcomes us with open arms
keep you at arms length
73

5.Listen, Tommy, if you _______________my new
computer while Im here, I will never forget you.
6.I like to play tennis regularly, just
to_____________.
7.There are books everywhere in her house. I
guess she likes_____________________.
8.You want to know the latest news ?Ask Gary.He
is the person who always___________________.

lay a finger on
keep my hand in
keeping them within arms length
keep his finger on the pulse
74

9.He is no doubt one of the most popular singers
in the world. Wherever he holds a performance, he
always__________.
10.The husband said to his wifeYou simply want
to buy everything. Just dont expect me to
keep______________________.
11.He was nervous when he_________Megs
_______since he couldnt stand being turned down
yet again.

gets a big hand
putting my hand in my pocket
asked for
hand
75
Time to Review

Topic for free talk
1.How do gestures vary from culture to culture?
2.How many kinds of emotions can you name?
3.How does body distance vary from culture to
culture?

76
Unit 7In Other Words

Activity 1Synonyms
enough---sufficient
everlasting------ever-ending
autumn---fall snack---baggin
recalcitrant----disobedient
salt----sodium chloride
youth----youngsters

learn the words and fill in the blank
avocation vocation profession
recreation pastime field job hobby
occupation specialisation trade work

1.If you want to join the medical ________,you
need to master a whole body of medical knowledge
.
2.Please state your name, age and __________on
the form.
3.He does painting as his_________and earned his
keep by waiting on tables.

profession
occupation
vocation
79

4.He has a general knowledge of law but a
_____________in divorce case.
5.Stamp-collecting will be my life-long
___________.
6.As a busy doctor, he knows how to relax
himselfhis_______was playing cello in an amateur
string quartet.

specialisation
hobby
avocation
80

7.He insisted that his painting was merely a
___________that kept him from being bored.
8.The holiday centre offers a variety
of_________that include folk dancing,handicrafts,
mountain climbing.

pastime
recreation
81

Activity 2Idioms
Explain to the text
1.face the musicaccept the criticism, unpleasant
consequence that follow a decision of his own.
2.play the gamedo something in a fair and
honourable way.

3.Its raining cats and dogsIts raining
heavily.
4.put ones foot in ones mouthsomeone blunders
by saying something he should not have.

Translate the following English idioms into
Chinese
1.lick sombodys boots
2.sit at somebodys feet.
3.have a big mouth
4.a piece of cake.
5.carry coals to Newcastle

???
????
????
????
????
84

6.at sixes and sevens
7.the pot calling the kettle
8.Dutch courage
9.castles in Spain
10.the kiss of death

????
??????
?????
????
???
85

Translate the following ten Chinese idioms into
English
1.????
2.????
3.???,???
4.????
5.????

button ones lip
draw in ones horns
much cry and little wool
look for a needle in a hay stack
at ones wits
86

6.????
7.????
8.????
9.?????
10.????,????

besieged on all sides
the pot calling the kettle black
the man in the street
seek help at the last moment
the more illumination, the more temptation
87

Activity 2proverbs
1.Many hands make light work
2.Its no use crying over split milk.
3.Where there is smoke there is fire.

???????
????
?????
88

4.Birds of a feather flock together.
5.Idleness is the root of all evil.
6.There is no rose without a thorn.

????
?????
???? ????
89

7.All good things must come to an end.
8.The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
9.Live and let live.

?????????
???????
???????
90

10.As you sow, so you reap.
11.Other countries, other manners.
12.What we lose on the swings, we gain on the
roundabouts.

????,????
?????
????,????
91

Activity 3slang,taboo words and euphemisms.
Slang
1.dead duck---complete failure
2.no-diveimpossible
3.dumdum---idiot
4.hotpopular
5.goes bananasis angry

6.freaking outlosing control
7.hit it offhave a good friendship
8.come it---behave rudely
Taboo words and swearwords
Topics for group discussion
1.What kind of English words are often regarded
as taboo words?

2.Generally speaking, how would English people
avoid using taboo words?
3.Who are expected to watch carefully their
behaviour and language? And who are expected to
take less control over theirs?
4.In what situation would English people not
avoid using taboo words?

Euphemisms
Match them by drawing lines between them?

95
A Column B B Cancre C Mentally
subnormal D Drunk E Rat catcher F Lie G
Crippled H Dismiss I Fat J Pregnant K
Be dead L Go to the lavatory M Coffin N toilet

Column A
casket
push up the daisies
little girls room
spend a penny
on the heavy side
physically handicapped
not all there
after a long illness
in the family way
tired and emotional
pest economical with the truth
let you go

96
Unit 8 From a Primitive Tribe to a Global Village

Activity 1primitive forms
Match the following expressions with their
Chinese translation

97
inquiring minds intriguing scientifically-inclined
naturalists a blue bird of paradise take leave
of its sense plums all of a quiver accomplish the
impossible
A ????? B ?????? C ???? D ??????? E ?????? F
??????? G ???????????
98

Topics for group discussion
1.How can animals communicate without language?
2.How can baby herring gulls peck at the red spot
on the tip of their parents bill.

Activity 2paper and printing
Question can you recall the sort of books
Mr.Dongguo carried in his bag?
The books were bamboo slates.
As early as 100 BC, paper was used to record
history in China .The method was introduced to
Europe 1000 years later.
Later in Han dynasty the technique of printing
was invented.

100

In the middle of the 15th century movable type
was invented.
In the 17th century news sheet appeared,and
eventually newspapers and magazines followed.
In the 19th century steam power ws used in
printing
In 1884 typesetting machine were patented.

101
Review

Communication Analysis

The following are three different cases of
cross--cultural communication. In each of the
cases there are some problems. Write an
analysis on what is to be desired for more
successful communication. In your analysis try
to explain all problems of communication youcan
find which are caused by differences in language
and cultural backgrounds of t he communicators.

102
Case 1

Lijuan, a Chinese lady in her
forties, is from China and now a visiting
scholar in London. She is meeting
Robert Holmes, a young English gentleman
who has just been introduced to her by a friend.
Robert has offered to show Lijuan
around during his lunch hour and has suggested
that they have lunch together.

103

Robert You are very punctual.
Lijuan The traffic is very smooth today.
Robert Are you hungry?
Lijuan No, not rea1ly.
Robert Shall I show you around?
Lijuan Yes, please.

104

After touring around the place, Lijuan feels like
eating and expects Robert to take her to a
restaurant now.
Robert Would you like to have something to
drink?
Lijuan Yes. Thank you.
After a drink at a bar.
Robert Do you want me to show you more places?
Lijuan Yes. Thank you.

105

After touring around more p1aces.
Robert It's time I went back to the office now.
I hope you have had a good time.
Lijuan Yes indeed. Thank you very much
(Wondering why he never mentioned lunch).

106
Case 2

Professor Arthur Leach, a famous linguist, has
come to attend a seminar in Peking University.
There comes Professor Wang Liren, who is
accompanied by his research assistant, Mr. Zhao
Ben. Professor Leach has met Professor
Wang several times before.

107

Wang Liren Hi, Arthur! I didn't know that you
were here.
Arthur Leach Oh, Wang ! How are you these days?
Wang Liren Fine. Let me introduce you to Mr.
Zhao, my research assistant. This is Zhao Ben, a
student of mine. This is Professor Arthur Leach.
Arthur Leach How do you do, Mr. Zhao?
Zhao Ben How do you do, Mr. Ieach?

108
Case 3

Helen is from Ireland and now studying
Chinese in China. Wang Hong, a Chinese girl,
is her tutor. Helen has invited Wang Hong
to come to her house.

109

Helen Hi! I was just expecting you.
Come in please. Oh, you got a new coat!
You look so pretty in it.
Wang Hong Not really. It is an ugly, ugly coat.
I bought it when it was on sale. It is very
cheap.
Helen Really? Well, it looks marvelous.

110

Wang Hong What a beautiful carpet you've got!
He1en It is beautiful, isn't it? It's my
birthday present. I love it.
Wang Hong It must be very expensive. How much
does it cost?
Helen I don't know. My sister gave it to me.
Wang Hong How much do you think it costs?

111
???(?)

Fill in the blanks with the following words
face to face
misunderstanding interpretation form
conceptual generates
associative assumptions
sexist bias utterance failure

112

1. There are various degrees of success in
communication, ranging from complete success,
partial success to ____________.
2. Words, signs, or symbols alike never mean
anything without human __________.
3. In cross--cultural communication,
private goals are difficu1t to detect and are
likely to cause _____________.

113

1. In _________ communication non-verba1
signals are just as important as verbal message.
2.An organism is an individual _____________
of life, such as a plant, an animal, a bacterium.
3. In communication there are three kinds
of meaning ________meaning, speaker meaning and
hearer meaning.
4. Communicators use both ________
and___________meaning in their
communication.

114

1. Speaker's communicative intention plus
conventional meaning __________ speaker's
meaning.
2. According to cross-cultura1 theorists,
individualism and collectivism are basic clusters
of values and____________.
3. In recent years criticisms have been
voiced concerning __________ in the Eng1ish
language.

115
Translation