Zammit Cutajar

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KEY CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND POLICY
APPROACHES REPORTED BY ANNEX I PARTIES IN THE
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
UNFCCC Side Event on Good Practices in
Policies and Measures 21 October, 2002, New
Delhi, India
Katia Simeonova Programme Officer UNFCCC
secretariat
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Outline of the presentation

• Overview of policies reported
• Policies and measures, and emission trends of
  Annex I Parties
• Evolution of climate change policies between NC2
  and NC3
• A new integrated approach to climate policy
  formulation and implementation
• Criteria used for climate change policy design
  and implementation
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Role of new technologies
• Some policy trends by sector
• Conclusions

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Overview of the policies reported

• Continuity with policies from NC1 and NC2
• New policies having climate change mitigation as
  a primary objective
• Mitigation of CO2 from energy and transport the
  most important
• Significant emission reductions from non-CO2
  gases cost-effective measures, or cost
  associated with other objectives
• Wider involvement of regional and local
  governments in CC
• EIT Parties role of charmonization with the EU
  legislation

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PaMs and emission trends changes in aggregated
emissions of Annex I
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PaMs and emission trends main drivers Annex II

• The EC, Finland, France, Sweden, Switzerland and
  the U.K. contributed significantly to the aim of
  the Convention
• Main drivers proactive climate policy (energy
  efficiency, fuel switching, nuclear power,
  economic slow down
• More specifically the U.K. (fuel switch), France
  (reduction of N2O from chemical industry and
  nuclear), Finland (fuel shift, renewables,
  nuclear, transportation strategy)

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PaMs and emission trends main drivers EIT

• Emission levels in 2000 far below 1990 levels
  (66 for Latvia and 23 for Czech Republic)
• Evidence of success towards decoupling of
  emission growth from economic growth
• Poland GDP 6.6 annual growth (1995 and 1997)
  and 4.3 (1998 and 1999), emissions continue to
  decline

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Evolution of CC policy overview

• The importance of the KP in shaping CC policy
  target driven approach
• CC has risen in importance in the policy agenda
• Diversified policy portfolios with shift towards
  economic instruments
• Energy sector saw the most significant changes

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Evolution of CC policy PaMs portfolios
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Evolution of CC policy a new integrated approach
to climate policy

• Emphasize placed on portfolio approach
• Different portfolios even when national
  circumstances are similar
• Phased approach (initial and reserve packages of
  PaMs)
• Greater involvement of local and regional
  governments and stakeholders
• Examples of integrated approach

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Evolution of CC policy some important issues,
such as...

• Criteria used for climate change design and
  implementation
• Monitoring and evaluations
• Role of new technologies

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Some policy trends by sector share of emissions
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Some policy trends by sector emission trend by
sector, 1990-2000
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Some policy trends by sector overview of key PaMs
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Conclusions

• Is there evidence that Annex I Parties were
  successful in finding a mix of effective policies
  to control GHG emissions?
• Were these policies sufficient to change the
  emission trends in the past and to achieve the
  aim of the Convention?
• Are these policies sufficient to form a framework
  and set a path to achieve significant emission
  reductions in the future?