Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae

• Chapter 24-27

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I. Origin of Plants

• A. Characteristics of Plants
• 1. Multicellular
• 2. Eukaryotic have nucleus
• 3. Cell Wall
• 4. Cuticle waxy coating

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• B. First Plants
• 1. 500 million years
• 2. Like present day moss
• 3. First soil builders
• 4. Oldest fossil is more than 400 million
  years old. Psilophyte

• Evolution1. Evolved from filamentous green
  algae that was found in the ancient oceans.

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• D. Adaptations of Plants
• 1. Must conserve water on land.
• a. Covered with a protective
• waxy layer called a cuticle.
• b. Prevents the water loss due
• to evaporation into the
• atmosphere.

C. Stomata allow for gases
to leave and enter the
plant. Most always on the bottom
of the plant
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• 2. Carry out Photosynthesis
• a. Where the leaves!
• b. Broad, flat organ that traps light
  energy.
• c. Also exchange gases through their
  stomata.

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• 3. Finding a water source
• a. Most plants depend on soil.
• b. Roots - an organ that absorbs water.
• 1. Two major types
• a. Tap Root
• Examples -

b. Fibrous Root Examples-
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Examples of Roots
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• 4. Transporting Materials
• a. Must be able to move minerals, water,
  and sugars
• b. The stem provides structural support
  and contains tissues for transport.
• 1. Vascular Plants have vessels or
  tubes that transport material.

• a. Xylem Move water and
  nutrients from roots to leaves.
  Dead material

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• b. Phloem - composed of living cells. Takes
  sugars from leaf to other plant organs.

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• 2. Nonvascular plants
• a. Not not have tubes to transport
  materials. Materials
  move from cell to
  cell.
• b. Examples
  - mosses,
  liverworts. horsetails

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Have you hugged a tree today?
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• 6. Alternations of generations
• a. Gametophyte generation of a plant is
  responsible for the development of gametes ( sex
  cells).
• b. All gametes are haploid (n) containing
  ½ the number of chromosomes.

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• c. Sporophyte generation is responsible for the
  production of spores.
• d. All cells of the sporophyte are diploid (2n)
  contain a whole set of chromosomes.

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Examples of Bryophytes
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Life Cycle of the Bryophytes
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Fun Facts

• Alteration of generations
• Make up peat which is a thick mass of living
  and dead plants. Peat bogs
• Sphagnum, the peat mosses are the most abundant
  plant on Earth

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Examples of Seedless Vascular plants
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Division Pterophyta

• Examples Ferns, 12,000 species today.
• Characteristics - Vascular, leaves called
  fronds, frond begins as a coiled leaf tip called
  a fiddlehead

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Gynosperms (naked seed)

• Examples pines, spruce, cycads, ginkos, cedar
• Characteristics- Most all Evergreen, tallest ,
  largest and oldest on earth, Needle like leaves,
  adapt to dry conditions, Thick cuticle covers the
  needle and prevents water loss.
• Habitat Northern Hemisphere

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Fun Facts

• Oldest living plants on earth
• Methuselah is more the 4,600 years old
• Have male and female cones

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