Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae
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Helpful Terms

• angion case
• annus year
• Di bi two
• derma skin
• epi upon, above
• gymno naked

meso middle mono one per
through phyll leaf sperm seed stoma
mouth
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Evolution
Closest relative is the green algae
Chlorophytes Alteration of generations in plants
may have originated by delayed meiosis. Adaptation
s to shallow water preadapted plants for living
on land. Chlorophyte?bryophyte?seedless vascular
plants? gymnosperm ? angiosperms
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Characteristics

• Eukaryotic
• Cell Wall made of Cellulose
• Life cycle - sporic alternation of generations
• Diploid sporophyte
• Haploid gametophyte
• Produce multicellular embryos protected in
  multicellular haploid (gametophyte -egg sac)
  tissue which differs from green algae.
• Water intake is by capillary action.

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Characteristics

• multicellular
• photosynthetic (chlorophyll a and b and
  Carotenoids in thylakoid membranes.)
• food storage molecule - amylose starch
• structural polysaccharide - cellulose

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Reproductive Characteristics

• life cycle - sporic alternation of generations
• diploid sporophyte
• haploid gametophyte
• produce multicellular embryo protected in
  multicellular haploid (gametophyte -egg sac)
  tissue which differs from green algae.

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Divisions of Plants

• Bryophyta
• Bryo moss
• Non-vascular(no xylem or phloem)
• 1st Land plants
• Why? the embryophyte condition
• Gametes develop within gametangia
• homospory (only one type of spore is produced)
• swimming sperm cells
• stay small and close to the ground
• require moisture for reproduction and growth
• lack true stems, leaves and roots

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Other Divisions of Bryophytes

• Liverworts - hepatophyta
• Hornworts - anthocerphyta

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Plant Divisions

• Tracheophytes
• Vascular plants have xylem and phloem
• Seedless Vascular Plants
• Ferns, Horsetails club mosses

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Plant Divisions

• Tracheophyta
• The Seed plants
• development of an extensive root system
• an efficient vascular system (xylem and phloem)
• reproductive structure in which the gametophyte
  is protected inside sporophyte tissue (the seed)
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms