AUXSEA CHAPTER 7 DISTRESS

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SEAMANSHIP CHAPTER 7ASSISTANCE DISTRESS
DAMAGE CONTROL
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READING ASSIGNMENT(S)
CHAPMANS Chapter on Special Seamanship
Techniques, ie Stranding, Assisting and Towing
Emergency procedures
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RIGHTING A SAILBOAT
REMEMBER YOUR FIRST RESPONSIBILITY IS TO SAVE
LIVES THEN PROPERTY
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RIGHTING A CAPSIZED SAILBOAT

• Get your anchor line and anchor on deck and ready
  for use.
• PFDs on deck for your crew and the stranded
  vessel also and ready for use.
• Breakout your heaving and towing lines and make
  ready for use.
• Decide whether to approach from upwind or
  downwind side.
• Determine drift rates of both vessels relative to
  each other.
• Determine other crews abilities to make ready
  for you.
• Check mental and physical condition of the other
  crew to help.

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RIGHTING A CAPSIZED SAILBOAT
8. Have other crew haul in their sails,
rigging 9. Have crew stand on keel or centerboard
and hold on to gunwales for
balance. 10. Their weight alone may right it, if
the water is deep enough. 11. May need to move
your boat to mast tip and lift it out of water
to help. 12. Get a line on the boat immediately
to secure it for towing. 13. Dewater it as soon
as it is righted.
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REFLOATING A STRANDED VESSEL

• COAST GUARD POLICY IMPORTANT IN GENERAL,
  RE-FLOATING A STRANDED VESSEL IS NOT RECOMMENDED
  FOR THE AUXILIARY.
• A stranded vessel is considered to be salvage
• Be absolutely certain you are thoroughly familiar
  with your Districts formal policy on this
  subject. Your timely knowledge could prevent a
  costly mistake.

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REFLOATING A STRANDED VESSEL
Factors to consider 1. TIDE Direction and
working water depth. 2. WIND / CURRENT DIRECTION
AND STRENGTH 3. MOST IMPORTANT CONDITION OF THE
HULL a. If the hull is holed or breached, it
will likely sink after reaching deeper
water, negating the entire effort.
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REFLOATING A STRANDED VESSEL

• At first effort, get an anchor and line out for
  the stranded vessel.
• Kedging is very effective in un-grounding a
  stranded vessel, by simply taking in on the
  anchor line and pulling the vessel off the ground.

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ASSISTING A STRANDED VESSEL

• Before taking any action, you should consider
• a. the water depth
• b. backing ability of both vessels
• c wind direction, character and speed
• d. characteristics of the current
• e. characteristics of the tide.

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FACTORS IN REFLOATING A STRANDED VESSEL

• STATE OF THE TIDE
• Incoming or outgoing
• Range of the tide versus time of day
• Rate of rise / fall.

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FACTORS IN REFLOATING STRANDED VESSEL
2. WIND a. character of the direction steady
or variable b. character of the speed steady,
variable or gusty 3. CURRENT a. character and
duration of the direction b. character and
duration of the speed
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FACTORS IN REFLOATING STRANDED VESSEL
4. CONDITION OF THE HULL a. Usually difficult or
impossible/ impractical to determine b.If
condition is unknown, very possible you will
expend energy and expose your crew to
unnecessary dangers, only to discover that
the hull sinks when freed. c. Your decision must
be based on your analysis not on the
owners wishes, advice or requests.
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BOAT AGROUND
Proper use of the KEDGE. Set the anchor (Kedge)
then take in the anchor line to pull the vessel
backwards.
This wind will help swing the hull into deeper
water and keep it there.
KEDGE (ANCHOR)
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REFLOATING GROUNDED VESSEL
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REFLOATING A GROUNDED VESSEL
Again, this wind will help swing the bow around
toward deeper water and keep it there.
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FIRE FIGHTING

• Fires are classified into four (4) types, based
  on the materials burning
• A.Fires Items such as clothing, bedding, wood,
  canvas, paper, etc. they reduce to an ash and I
  call them Ash fires (A for ASH)
• B. Fires Incorporate the burning of fuels,
  flammable liquids, oil, grease, turpentine, etc.
  I call them Boil fires.
• C. Fires Occur in electrical circuits and
  equipment. I call them Current fires.
• D. Fires Burning metal. Metal that is actually
  BURNING (oxidizing), not melting.

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON
Know the parts and how each interacts with the
other. Remember, it is a three-sided figure with
a bottom.
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FIRE TETRAHEDRON
NOTE In years past, we only considered the fire
TRIANGLE, not a tetrahedron and we only
recognized HEAT, OXYGEN AND FUEL as the necessary
ingredients to have and support combustion. We
have now added the fourth element CHEMICAL CHAIN
REACTION and this completes the TETRAHEDRON. In
the case of heat, oxygen and fuel, take
away any one of these three and the fire will go
out!. Chemical reaction stands alone.
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FIRE EXTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
A FIRES Plain water, at the base of the fire
low to moderate pressure. Also CO2,
foam, dry chemical or anything that will
smother. B FIRES CO2, dry chemical, foam,
anything that will smother C FIRES CO2, dry
chemical,. D FIRES No known extinguishing
agent(s). Underlined extinguishers are primary
choice.
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FIGHTING A BURNING BOAT
YOUR BOAT METHOD ONE TURN TO PUT FIRE
DOWNWIND. SLOW TO BARE STEERAGE THEN STOP CLOSE
UP ALL OPENINGS FIGHT THE FIRE PREPARE TO ABANDON
SITE
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ASSISTING A BURNING BOAT
SPECIAL NOTE FIBERGLASS boats are one of the
hottest known and fastest burning fires.
Ordinarily, the Coast Guard and professional fire
fighters will attempt to safely tow the vessel
out of the area of all other vessels and let it
burn itself to the waterline. When attempting to
remove the crew from a burning boat you should
make ready your gear and assist equipment, then
slowly and carefully come down on the windward
side (YOUR BACK TO THE WIND) of the burning
vessel (from upwind).
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PLUGGING AND PATCHING LEAKS AND SMALL HOLES

• A PLUG is most effective when driven in FROM the
  outside since the water pressure will cause them
  to tighten.
• Collision mats may be used quite effectively.
• Almost any type of sheeting you have in the boat
  can be used to either slow the water or stop it,
  at least until you can make more permanent
  repairs.

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TEMPORARY PLUGFROM THE OUTSIDE
INSIDE OF HULL
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TEMPOPARY PLUG FROM THE INSIDE

• Easy to get to
• Size it and drive it
• Dont forget to cap it off inside, with
  fasteners, to reinforce against outside water
  pressure pushing plug out of hole.

INSIDE OF HULL
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DEWATERING

• Before you begin pumping, check to be certain
  that the intake is clear of all debris AND
  REMAINS CLEAR at all times.
• Make certain that the outlet (hose) side of the
  pump remains overboard while pumping.
• Do not face the discharge end into the wind. It
  slows the outflow.
• Always try to plug or patch as many holes as you
  possibly can, before you begin to pump.

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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 1

• A small hole of rounded shape, if located below
  the water line_____
• can be temporarily closed to water leakage with a
  
• tapered round plug.
• can be closed with a simple soft material patch
  placed
• over the opening, on the inside of the
  hull.
• c. can only be closed with a patch applied to
  both outside
• and inside surfaces of the hull.
• d. is best left unattended until the boat can be
  hoisted out of
• the water.

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REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. A small hole of rounded shape if located below
the water line ______ a. Can be temporarily
closed to water leakage with a tapered
round plug inserted small end first.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 2
2. Before you start dewatering with a portable
pump________ a. be sure all leakage has been
stopped b. have your boat completely stopped c.
use only a hand-operated pump. d. be sure the
pump outlet is over the side and downwind.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Before you start dewatering with a portable
pump________ d. be sure the pump outlet is
over the side and downwind.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 3
3. To right a capsized sailboat________
a. tow it at a slow speed, stern first. b. it
is not necessary to lower the sails c. push on
the top of the mast with the bow of your
boat. d. have the crew stand on the keel,
holding on to the gunwales.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. To right a capsized sailboat________ d. Have
the crew stand on the keel, holding on to
the gunwales.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 4
4. When assisting a stranded boat, the assisting
vessel should first_____ a. come in under power,
bow on, pass a line and back out. b.
consider water depth, your backing ability,
wind, current and tide, before taking
action. c. attach a tow line to the most
convenient bitt or cleat. d. never anchor while
attempting to get a line over.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. When assisting a stranded boat the assisting
vessel should first______ b. consider water
depth, your backing ability, wind, current,
and tide before taking action.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 5
5. The four elements of the fire tetrahedron
are_________ a. oxygen, gasoline, heat and
ignition b. air, fuel, chemical reaction and
spark c. oil, electricity, heat and combustible
material d. heat, oxygen, fuel and chemical
reaction
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. The four elements of the fire tetrahedron
are________________ d. heat, oxygen, fuel and
chemical reaction
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 6
6. Fires that take place in ordinary combustible
materials such as bedding, wood, and paper are
Class____ fires. a. A b. B c. C d. D
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. Fires that take place in ordinary combustible
materials such as bedding, wood and paper are
Class _____fires. a. A
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 7
7. When attempting to remove the crew from a
burning vessel, the proper procedure is to
___. a. come up on the leeward side of the
burning vessel b. back down to the nearest open
deck side of the burning vessel. c.
make ready your gear and assist equipment then
slowly and carefully come down on the
windward side of the burning
vessel d.stand off from the burning vessel and
send a volunteer aboard her with a towing
line.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. When attempting to remove the crew from a
burning vessel, the proper procedure is
to__________. c. make ready your gear and assist
equipment, then slowly and carefully come
down on the windward side of of the burning
vessel.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 8
8. Fires that take place in inflammable liquids
such as gasoline, oils and paints are Class____
fires. a. A b. B c. II d. C
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
8. Fires that take place in inflammable liquids
such as gasoline, oils and paints are Class______
fires. b. B
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 9
9. Water is the extinguishing agent of choice for
Class ____ fires. a. I b. B c. A d.C
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
9. Water is the extinguishing agent of choice for
Class____ fires. c. A
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 10
10. Approach a burning boat from________. a.
upwind b. downwind c. crosswind d. the nearest
open deck
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
10. Approach a burning boat from
_____________. a. upwind
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END OF CHAPTER 7