UNDP-GEF Adaptation

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UNDP-GEF Adaptation
Climate Change and Land Degradation -
Arusha Nyawira Muthui December 2006
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• UNDP Approach to Adaptation
• Adaptation Project Portfolio
• Presented on behalf of the UNDP-GEF
  Adaptation Team

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Further Information
Contact Bo Lim UNDP-GEF Adaptation
Unit Climate Change Adaptation UNDP-GEF www.undp.
org/gef/adaptation E-mail Adaptation_at_undp.org
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Defining Adaptation Doing Development
Differently
Adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli
or their effect, which moderates harm or exploits
beneficial opportunities. (IPCC 2001)
Practical steps to protect countries and
communities from the likely disruption and damage
that will result from effects of climate change.
(UNFCCC website, 2006)
A process by which strategies to moderate, cope
with and take advantage of the consequences of
climatic events are enhanced, developed, and
implemented (UNDP 2005)
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GEF Adaptation Fund

• Pilot or demonstration projects to integrate
  adaptation into national policy
• Must meet global environmental objectives and
  have development benefits
• Adaptation within climate change, biodiversity,
  international waters and land degradation
  projects
• Operational since July 2004

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Adaptation in LD

• Within Land Degradation Cluster adaptation is
  seen achieved through mainstreaming practices to
  climate proof Sustainable Land Management
• Building adaptive capacity to reduce communities,
  economies and ecosystem vulnerability to negative
  impacts of climate change
• In practice, this means
• Changing existing policies and practices
• Adopting new policies and practices so as to
  secure MDGs in the face of climate change and its
  associated impacts

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• UNDP-GEF Principles of Adaptation
• Helping developing countries to adapt to climate
  change impacts is central to UNDP core mandate
  for promoting development and poverty reduction
  across the globe.
• UNDP provides several services to help programme
  countries to access adaptation funds
• helping them to evaluate adaptation options,
  identify promising investment opportunities, and
  ensure timely and cost effective delivery of
  projects.

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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Principles

• Adaptation activities must further the
  achievement of the MDGs
• Adaptation activities must be development focused
• The starting point for developing national
  responses is strengthening adaptive capacity to
  reduce community and ecosystem vulnerability to
  negative impacts of CC
• Stakeholder involvement and public participation
  are key
• UNDPs policy and technical guidance should be
  leveraged
• Leverage UNDP-GEF programming by building on NCs
  and NAPAs

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GEF Adaptation Funds
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Types of adaptation funds

• The Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA)
• Financed by the GEF Trust Fund
• ecosystem/focal area focused fund.
• The goal - to ensure that climate change concerns
  are incorporated in the management o f ecosystems
  through GEF focal area projects.

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Type of Adaptation Fund

• The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)
• Financed by additional voluntary contributions
• channelled through GEF
• A development -focused fund designed specifically
  for addressing short or long term adaptation
  measures to climate change in the poorest
  countries.

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Types of Adaptation Funds

• The Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)
• Financed by additional voluntary contributions
  channelled through GEF
• a development -focused fund concerned primarily
  with long term activities, programmes and
  measures in the development sectors that are most
  affected by global climate change.

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Adaptation Policy Framework (APF)

• APF has been prepared by the UNDP/GEF Capacity
  Development and Adaptation Cluster as the
  Cornerstone of UNDPs Strategy in Adaptation
• APF will assist in the process of incorporating
  adaptation concerns into national strategies
• Four-phased Approach

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Four Phases of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Strategy
2012
Phase IV Implementation
2010
Phase III National Assessments
2008
Phase Ib Methodological Improvement
Dissemination
Phase II Regional Assessments
2006
2004
Phase 1a Methodological Development
2002
Activities
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APF - Key Innovations

• Links current with future climate variations
• If future climate change brings both increased
  variability and directional shifts, understanding
  current climate-related extreme events and
  responses will provide basis for future responses
  (and surprises)
• Uses the concept of adaptation or development
  baseline to build on current experience to cope
  with future climate
• Emphasizes adaptive capacity.. as the potential
  of a system to adjust characteristics or
  behaviour, to cope with climate change, including
  variability

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APF Adaptation Approaches
APF Approach
HAZARD-BASED Top-down, scenario-driven, formal risk mapping for hazards
VULNERABILITY-BASED Bottom-up no mapping or scenarios, vulnerability combined with general hazard information
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY Bottom-up providing options for adapting
POLICY-BASED Top-down/bottom-up adaptation via policy intervention
Project Outcome Examples
Ameliorated impacts in high-risk areas, early warning, response measures
Reduced vulnerability of population and high-risk groups improve access, livelihoods, security
Enhanced adaptive capacity - better preparedness, awareness, empowerment, livelihood options
Adaptation friendly policies, programmes, strategies, that discourage high-risk or maladaptive behavior
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Climate Risks to MDGs
MDGs CLIMATE RISKS
MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.
MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, loss of livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families.
MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Additional burdens on women's health and limited time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities.
MDGs 4, 5 and 6 Reduce child mortality improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water. Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, and heat-related mortality, declining food security, maternal health, and availability of potable water
MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems
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Lessons - Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM)

• Knowledge base for adaptation established
• Adaptation projects reviewed
• Gaps in knowledge and practice identified
• Gaps in knowledge addressed
• Good practice identified
• Learning and knowledge shared
• Regional approach taken

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Phase II Regional Pilot Projects

• Scope watershed management, disaster risk
  management, food security, health
• Other Phase II Projects
• Central America, Mexico, and Cuba
• Maghreb Integrated Watershed Mgt water supply
  and aquifers
• Central America, Mexico, and Cuba APF
• Climate change and Human Health (with WHO)
• Adaptation Learning Mechanism
• Community Based Adaptation (with SGP)
• Asia and Andean region Climate Change and Flood
  Risk Reduction (under devt)

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NCs and NAPAs

• National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs)
• Respond to vulnerability of LDCs
• Prioritize adaptation measures supportive of
  existing development plans
• Identify urgent actions to adapt

• National Communications (NCs)
• Report on programmes to facilitate adaptation
• Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment
• Starting point for formulating projects VA
  priorities and climate change rationale

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Demonstration and Pilot Projects

• Climate-resilient development (LDCF, SCCF)
• Integrate climate risks into development sectors.
  
• Short- and long-term adaptation to address
  current climate variability as well as long-term
  change
• UNDPs priority

• Ecosystem resilience (SPA)
• Integrate adaptation into the GEF focal areas
• Where climate change risks are evaluated to be
  significant (e.g. Biodiversity, Land Degradation,
  International Waters)

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Guiding Approach for Adapting Development
Identify Current National Policy Baselines
Agriculture-related Water-related Health Disaster Risk Management Coastal Development
Integrate Future Climate Risks in Development
Approaches Strategies, policies, measures/practices
Scales Community, national, regional
Sustainability Financing instruments
Capacity Institutions, information, and stakeholder capacity building
Promote Adapted National Policy Frameworks -
Outcomes
Examples of restructured sector policies Examples of restructured sector policies Examples of restructured sector policies Examples of restructured sector policies Examples of restructured sector policies
SP1 Agriculture SP2 Water SP3 Health SP4 Climate disaster SP5 Coastal Dev.
Rural development policies utilize seasonal forecasts Demand side management based on information on future water availability Monitoring/control of disease vectors improved EWS and response coverage increased Policies support development in low-risk areas
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• UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio
• Full- and medium-size projects in 43 countries

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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio - 18 Medium Full
Size Projects beyond PDF stage 43.4 million
in GEF funding
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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio
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Thematic Distribution of UNDP-GEF Projects
Sector/topic Country
Water management Tanzania, Ecuador (SCCF)
Agriculture Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia (SPA) Pacific Islands (SCCF) India (SCCF)
Health Fiji, Barbados, Jordan, Uzbekistan, China, Bhutan, Kenya (SCCF)
Coastal zones Cape Verde, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea Bissau (SPA), Uruguay (SPA) Tourism Maldives (SCCF)
Disaster risk management India (SCCF), Pacific Islands (SCCF)
Community-based adaptation Samoa, Bolivia, Niger, Bangladesh (Morocco, Namibia, Vietnam, Guatemala, Kazakhstan and Jamaica to join in 2006/7) (SPA)
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Project Example - Coping with Drought and Climate
Change

• Countries Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
• Fund SPA, Land Degradation
• Amount 1.0M GEF per country 1.0M Co-fin per
  country
• Components
• Assist communities to cope with drought through
  pilot adaptation measures
• Enhance use of EWS and improve communication of
  climate information with agriculturalists
• Promote drought preparedness and mitigation
  policies
• Replicate successful approaches across the region

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Coping with Drought and Climate Change

• Baseline
• Rural communities use current coping strategies,
  which become inadequate as drought increases in
  frequency and intensity
• Additional
• Strengthened drought mitigation skills of
  community development practitioners
• Alternative livelihoods employed during droughts
• Improved flow and use of early warning
  information for drought response
• Drought mitigation mainstreamed in development
  plans

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Coping with Drought and Climate Change

• Adaptive capacities of local communities, local
  and national institutions and the regional
  networks will be strengthened through concrete
  activities.
• Specific focus is on managing the risks
  associated with future climate change and its
  impact on land degradation while piloting
  specific adaptation measures

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Namibia - CCA

• Adapting to Climate Change through the
  Improvement of Traditional Crops and Livestock
  Farming
• Fund SPA, LD
• Amount 1.0M GEF Co-financing 1.0M Government
• Components
• Climate change adaptation measures of rural
  communities in agricultural production piloted
  and tested
• Improved information flows on climate change,
  including variability (such as drought) between
  providers and key users
• Climate change issues integrated into planning
  processes, e.g. National Drought Policy

Focus at community-level, equipping small-holder
farmers with improved capacities to adapt to
climatic change and increased levels of drought.

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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Projects key issues

• The problem must be clearly due to climate change
• Impacts must be due to climate change, Climate
  data must be best available
• The timescale of climate analysis must be clear
• Must differentiate between short and long term
  and match funds long term - SCCF/SPA, short term
  LDCF
• Must link to National Priorities, Action Plans,
  Programmes
• Proposal must be based on rigorous pipelining
  approach
• Learning component (contribution to ALM) must be
  clear
• Co-financing must be explained to satisfy fund
  requirements
• Must clearly outline Goal, Objective, and
  Outcomes
• Monitoring of outcomes must be explicit
• Use of APF should be systematic in project design

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Further Information
Thank you!
Contact Bo Lim Climate Change
Adaptation UNDP-GEF www.undp.org/gef/adaptation
E-mail Adaptation_at_undp.org