Developmental Psychology: Early Development

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Chapter 11

• Developmental Psychology Early Development

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• Prenatal Development
• Physical Development
• Social Development
• Cognitive Development
• Language
• Moral Development

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Prenatal Development

• Prenatal Period
• Conception

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Prenatal Development

• Zygote Stage
• Embryo Stage
• teratogens
• androgens

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Prenatal development
Conception
30 Hours
6 weeks
4 months
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Prenatal Development

• Fetal Stage

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Development in Infancy

• Reflexes
• Sensory Development
• Auditory
• Visual
• Gustatory and Olfactory

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Visual Preferences in Newborns

• Infants spend more time looking at patterns than
  solids
• Infants spend the most time looking at a drawing
  of a human face
• Is this just preference for complexity?

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Newborns and Human Faces

• Infants were shown blank shape, a proper face, or
  scrambled facial features
• proper face and scrambled face have same
  complexity
• Infants looked more intensely at the proper face

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Newborn Imitation

• Babies sometimes mimic gestures made by others
  who are within sight
• Sticking tongue out of mouth
• Moving head side to side

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The Infant as Intuitive Physicist

• Infants look longer at objects that seem to
  violate physical laws than those that do not
• Surprise indicates that their expectations were
  violated
• They must know what is physically plausible for
  this to occur

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Development in Infancy

• Physical and Motor Development
• Brain Development

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Milestones in Motor Development
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Cognitive Development in Childhood

• Environment
• Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980)
• Schemata
• Assimilation
• Accomodation

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Sensorimotor Stage

• First 2 years of life
• Object Permanence

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Separation Anxiety

• Separation anxiety is a fear reaction when the
  primary caregiver is absent
• Seen in all cultures
• Corresponds with development of object permanence

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Preoperational Stage

• From 2 to 7 years of Age
• Egocentrism
• Conservation (number vs. volume)

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Conservation of Substance Number

• Conservation of Substance
• Two identical balls of clay
• One is deformed
• Do the two pieces have the same amount of clay?
• Conservation of Number
• Two identical rows of pennies
• One row is rearranged
• Do the two rows have the same number of pennies?

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Concrete Operations Stage

• Ages 7 to 11 years
• cause-and-effect relations, categorization, and
  symbolic thought

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Formal Operations Stage

• Ages 11 and beyond
• abstract thinking and reasoning
• not everyone reaches this stage

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End of Chapter 11