The Beginnings of a Global Age

1
The Beginnings of a Global Age

• 1415-1796
• Chapter 2

2
The Search for Spices
3
Motivations for Exploring the Seas

• Europe explored and traded with Asia long before
  the Renaissance
• The Mongol Empire break up and the Black Death
  interrupted trade
• By the 1400s, Europes population grew, along
  with the demand for more trade
• This would lead to a new age of exploration

4
Motivations for Exploring the Seas

• Spices was the most valued item of trade
• Preserve food
• Add flavor to meat
• Make medicines and perfumes
• Moluccas was the key source for spices
• Island chain in present day Indonesia
• Often called the spice islands

5
Portugal Sails East

• Prince Henry led the way in sponsoring
  exploration for Portugal
• First, claims Madeira and Azores islands just
  outside of Spain
• By 1415, Portugal had expanded into Muslim North
  Africa

6
Mapping the African Coast

• Prince Henry saw great confidence in Africa
• Spain could control Muslim riches, convert
  natives to Christianity
• Prince Henry wanted an easier way to Asia, hires
  cartographers, or map makers, along with ship
  making experts, explores down West Africa
• Prince Henry dies in 1460, but Portugal continues
  to explore Africa

7
Seeking India

• 1497, Vasco da Gama leads ships around the Cape
  of Good Hope, eventually reaches the spice port
  of Calicut on the west coast of India
• Spices prove to be very profitable back in
  Portugal, soon seize key ports around the Indian
  Ocean, creating a vast trading empire

8
Columbus Sails West

• Italian navigator Christopher Columbus wanted to
  reach the East Indies by sailing across the
  Atlantic.
• Columbus knew the earth was round, no clue the
  size of the earth and that 2 continents were
  undiscovered in the Atlantic Ocean
• I hate period 3

9
Columbus Sails West

• Portugal refuses to sponsor Columbus, Spain
  agrees hoping to add wealth to a weakened nation
• August 3, 1492- Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria sail
  west, land spotted on October 12th
• Columbus thought that hed hit the East Indies,
  actually hit the Caribbean
• Returns to Spain in 1493 a hero, still not
  knowing hed discovered new land

10
Dividing the Globe

• In 1493, Spanish leaders appeal to the Pope to
  support their claims to new land
• Pope Alexander VI sets Line of Demarcation
• Divides the non-European world into 2 zones
• Spain had rights west of the line
• Portugal had rights east of the line
• Both Countries agree to terms with the Treaty of
  Tordesillas in 1494
• Other nations become eager to defy the boundries

11
Naming the Western Hemisphere

• Italian Sea captain named Amerigo Vespucci
  navigates enough of Brazil for German
  cartographer, Martin Waldseemuller to publish a
  map of the new world, giving it the label,
  America
• Columbus Caribbean became known as the West
  Indies

12
Search for Direct Trade Route

• Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe from
  1519 to 1522 by accident
• Leaves with 5 ships searching for the Spice
  Islands.
• Route through Pacific takes months, not weeks
• Magellan killed in the Philippines
• One ship returns to Spain in 1522

13
Europe in Africa

• Portugal builds forts and settlements along West
  Africa, designed to resupply and rebuild for
  further exploration
• Portugal expands to inner Africa, meet
  resistance, leads to eventual decline
• 1600s, other European nations build forts along
  West Africa as Portugal declines
• British, Dutch, French
• Dutch gain control of Southern tip of Africa,
  build Cape Town (Boers-Dutch Farmers)

14
Europe in Africa

• Europe enters the slave trade (1500s)
• Portugal first to enter slave trade
• Other European nations join, use slaves for
  American plantations
• Rich Europeans used slaves as servants
• Europe seldom used slave raids in Africa,
  counted on other African rulers
• Atlantic Slave Trade grows over the next 300 years

15
Europe in South Asia

• Portugal builds Eastern Empire
• 1510, Portugal seizes island of Goa, coast of
  India
• 1511, Portugal takes the port of Malacca,
  massacring a city of Muslims
• Within 50 years, Portugal has build a series of
  trade outposts in East Asia

16
Europe in South Asia

• Rise of the Dutch
• Cape Town allows Netherlands to become a trading
  superpower
• 1602, Dutch East India Company forms, becomes
  very powerful.
• Has sovereign powers (build armies, wage war,
  negotiate treaties)
• 1641, Dutch captures Malacca from Portuguese,
  establish trade with China

17
Europe in South Asia

• Spain Seizes the Philippines
• Magellan claims Philippines for Spain in 1521
• Named after Spanish king Philip II
• Catholic Priests look to convert native Pilipino
  people
• Philippines a key link in Spains overseas
  trading empire
• Spanish shipped gold and silver from Mexico and
  Peru to Phil., used it to buy goods from China