Preventing Runway Incursions

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Preventing Runway Incursions
RUNWAY SAFETY

• European SSAP Regional WorkshopTallinn, 29-30
  June 2004
• Paul Wilson
• Head of Airport Throughput Business Division

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Definition

• Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the
  incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or
  person on the protected area of a surface
  designated for the landing and take off of
  aircraft

RUNWAY SAFETY
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Scale of Problem CFMU Area 2002
15.300.000
RUNWAY SAFETY
350
One serious incursion every 14 days ? One
incursion every day ?
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Classification of reported Runway Incursions
CATEGORY A
CATEGORY D
Very serious
No risk
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31
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30
Significant risk
CATEGORY B
34
Some risk
Source Mandatory Reporting Scheme
CATEGORY C
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Key Contributory Factors
Controllers 20
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Pilots 51
Drivers 29
Source Runway Safety Survey
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Contributing causes
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ATC procedure
RT Phraseology
Weather/Visibility
Construction
Aerodrome layout
Aerodrome signs
Language proficiency
Vehicle procedures
Aerodrome lighting
Pavement markings
Aerodrome documentation
Source Runway Safety Survey
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• EUROCONTROL Agency
• EUROCONTROL Safety Regulation Commission
• Group of Aerodrome Safety Regulators (GASR)
• Airlines
• ANSPs
• IATA
• IFATCA
• IFALPA
• IAOPA

RUNWAY SAFETY
Joint European Action Plan issued April 2003
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EUROCONTROL Convergence and Implementation Plan

• Prevent runway incidents by identifying and
  eliminating risks of runway incursions

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Recommendation

• At individual aerodromes, as designated by the
  National Aviation Safety Authorities, a Runway
  Safety Team should be established to lead action
  on local runway safety issues

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Local Runway Safety Teams available here

• Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark,
  Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
  Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
  Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United
  Kingdom.

RUNWAY SAFETY

• EUROCONTROL assisted in
• Presentations
• Workshops
• Joint meetings
• Establishing Local Runway Safety Teams

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For many incursions

• 50 of AIRCREW and VEHICLE DRIVERS BELIEVE
  THEY HAVE PERMISSION TO BE ON THE RUNWAY

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Recommendations

• Use full vehicle call and aircraft call signs
  when near the runway
• Use ICAO readback procedure (in cluding drivers)
• Improve situational awareness by using a common
  frequency for a runway

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Recent Runway Incursion
?
RUNWAY SAFETY

• Vehicle Readback procedure not used
• Different frequencies
• No situational awareness for the Pilot or the
  Driver

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Recommendation

• Do not issue line up clearance to an aircraft if
  this aircraft will be required to hold on the
  runway for more than 90 seconds beyond the time
  it would normally be expected to depart.

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Recommendation

• Ensure that ATC procedures contain a
  requirement for explicit clearances to cross any
  runway.
• Includes non-active runways.

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Recent Runway Incursion

• Towing aircraft from Terminal to maintenance area
• Needed to cross a subsidiary crossing runway
• Only used 2 of the time
• Normally crossing clearances not given treated
  as a taxiway
• On day in questions, towing aircraft crossed
  without a clearance normal?

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Recommendation

• Ensure that ATC communication messages are not
  over long or complex.
• Core to these recommendations is the uniform and
  consistent application of ICAO provisions.
• It should be noted that the ICAO phraseology "
  taxi to holding position " may be misunderstood
  by some pilots due to the use of non ICAO
  phraseology within the North America, where "taxi
  into position and hold" is used by ATC when
  issuing a line up clearance.

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Recent Runway Incursion

• B777 US operator misunderstood ICAO
  phraseology
• WX poor
• Lined up in front of landing aircraft
• Category A

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Recommendation

• Identify any potential safety benefits of
  carrying out runway inspections in the opposite
  direction to runway movements and if appropriate
  adopt the procedure.

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My Experience

• Standard ICAO Phraseology
• R/T Checking
• Overcomplex Instructions
• Get Read Backs
• Good Drivers R/T and Read Backs
• All on one frequency

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My Experience

• Clearance to cross all runways
• Backtrack RWY Instructions
• Dont line up using RETs
• Dont cross RED STOP BARS
• Using conditional Clearances correctly

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My Experience

• Formed local RWY Safety Team
• All incursions and concerns reported
• Disscussed in Team briefings
• Watch North American Pilots

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Runway Safety Awareness CD Rom

• From the point of view of the Pilot, Air Traffic
  Controller and Airside Vehicle Driver.
• All the information is ICAO compliant.
• There is a self scoring quiz
• Local Runway Safety Teams are discussed.
• The CD ROM allows important safety materials to
  be reviewed at your convenience.

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Summary

• Still a critical issue
• Day Night VMC IMC
• Up to one per day
• 35 of incursions are serious. All have potential
  to become an accident.
• Apply the Action Plan
• Form Local Runway Safety Teams
• EUROCONTROL can support you
• At workshops
• Local joint meetings
• Guidance to Local Ruwnay Safety Teams
• Other queries

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European Action Plan for the Prevention of
Runway Incursions is available
fromwww.eurocontrol.int/runwayincursions
RUNWAY SAFETY
Email runway.safety_at_eurocontrol.intTelephon
e 32-2-729 3789
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