European Runway Safety Survey

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European Runway SafetySurvey

• P. Wilson
• EUROCONTROL

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The Problem of Runway Incursions in Europe
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EUROCONTROL
The main objectives of EUROCONTROL are to
harmonise and integrate Air Navigation Services
in Europe, aiming at the creation of a European
Air Traffic Management System, to achieve the
safe, orderly, expeditious and economic flow of
air traffic throughout Europe.
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Traffic Growth

• Traffic increased threefold over last 25
  years.
• Baseline forecasts steady growth of 4 per
  annum.
• Traffic demand expected to double over
  next 20 years.

2000
1974
DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97
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ECAC States (38) Albania Armenia Austria Belgium B
ulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Esto
nia
Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Irel
and Italy Latvia Lithuania
Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco The
Netherlands The former Yugoslav -Republic of
Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal
Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Swit
zerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
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Investigated Runway Incursions

• Data collected through
• MANDATORY REPORTING SCHEME
• and
• INTERVIEWS of 12 European Airports

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Risk of Runway Incursions
100
Number Of Runway IncursionsPer 1,000,000
Operations
10
1
Rate of Runway Incursions in 9 different European
airports
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Severity distribution of reported Runway
Incursions
CATEGORY A
CATEGORY D
Significant Potential
Little or no Potential
5
31
30
Good Potential
CATEGORY B
34
Fair Potential
CATEGORY C
Source Mandatory Reporting Scheme
9
Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations
Pilot Deviations
44
Operational Errors
30
26
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations
Source Mandatory Reporting Scheme
10
Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations
60
3 Airports feedback
50
Mandatory Scheme
40
30
20
10
0
Pilot Deviations
Operational Errors
Vehicle/Pedestrian
Deviations
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The Perception of Runway Incursions Risk
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Pilots and ATCO perceptions

• Outcomes of the Questionnaire...

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Risk Perception (I)
Within the last year, do you think the number of
Runway Incursion has...
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Risk Perception (II)
How would you rank Runway Incursion among other
runway safety concerns ...
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What in your opinion was a contributing cause ?
(I)
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What in your opinion was a contributing cause ?
(II)
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To summarise ...

• AVAILABILITY of data few available data at the
  time of the survey (no reporting scheme or
  reluctance to share information?)
• Approach for ANALYSIS difficult to combine data
  (no harmonised approach)
• Underlying CAUSAL FACTORS difficult to
  understand why Runway Incursion occurs

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Task Force to develop recommendations

• GASR - EUROCONTROL - ICAO - JAA - IATA -
• IFATCA - IFALPA - ACI - IAOPA - AEA - ERA -
  ECA
• Not locked into cycle of continuous data
  collection
• Time scales short
• short term - End Jan 2003
• medium term - Jan 2004
• long term - Jan 2005
• Majority of recommendations complete by Jan 2003

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• GENERAL AREAS
• 1 Awareness
• 2 Data Collection
• 3 Communications
• 4 Procedures and working methods
  (PILOT/ATC/Driver
• 5 Annex 14
• 6 Airport Aeronautical Information
• 7 New Technologies
• 8 Human Factors
• 9 Regulatory

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• 1 Awareness
• Establish a local joint team (ATC/Aircrew/Airport)
  
• Achieve Standardisation through ICAO Provisions
• Establish a Runway Safety Programme
• General Awareness campaign by Task Force
• Dedicated local awareness campaigns
• Implement a Safety Management System (SMS)
• Introduce Runway Safety into SMS to identify
  risks mitigation
• Promotion of Recommendations

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• 2 Data Collection and Lesson learning
• Improve data collection - standard
  reporting/investigation
• Standard agreed definitions
• All data to be collected in data base for trend
  analysis
• Non punitive reporting systems
• Local Runway Safety Survey to be conducted (as
  per SMS) to identify hazards
• Disseminate disidentified details of
  incidents/occurrence's both European wide/locally

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• 3 Communications
• Confirm use of standard ICAO phraseology
• Explicit runway crossing clearances
• Read back
• Runway crossing on single frequency
• Clarify rules associated with conditional
  clearance
• R/T, language and phraseology proficiency
• All communications associated with runway in
  English
• Driver training programmes introduced

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• 4 Procedures and Working Methods
• Pilot procedures - best practice
• Standard taxi routes - reduce workload near
  runway
• Use of line up and wait
• Inspection opposite direction
• Use of blocker strips
• Use of Capacity Enhancing Procedures
• Access of vehicles to manoeuvring area
• Cross runways at 90 when possible

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• 5 Annex 14
• Confirm implementation of Annex 14 provisions -
  markings/signage/lighting etc.
• Identify needs to enhance ground markings
• Implementation of Standard ICAO taxiway naming
  conventions

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• 6 Provision of Airport Information
• Management Process for charts/publications for
  accuracy
• Establish feedback mechanism with users to detect
  errors
• Improve ergonomics of maps
• AIS standardisation

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• 7 New Technologies
• Consider new technologies as prevention or
  safety net
• Moving ways/graphical displays in cockpits -
  situational awareness
• Assessment of value of automated conflict
  detection systems

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• 8 Human Factors
• Understand HF issues contributing to Runway
  Safety Events
• TRM /CRM
• Use of multiple capacity enhancing procedures.

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• 9 Regulatory
• Licensing of Aerodromes - degree of compliance
• Assessment of SMS systems

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• Occurrences
• Be200 Expect Crossing Clearance
• B747 Conditional/read back
• HS121 Cross runway in use (23)
• B747 Line Up

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• Summary
• All States cultures/language/ATM Systems
• Recommendations cover most areas
• Result of Joint action - First in Europe
• European action could stop the majority of events
  leading to Runway Incursion - however we are
  aware that to remove potential hazards completely
  will be very difficult