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Post LHC How is Europe getting prepared?
R. Aleksan CPPM/IN2P3 Larry Sulak Festschrift
October 21, 2005
The CPPM and its surroundings is an inspiring
place to think about major issues in HEP

• What are the fundamental interactions and can
  they be unified?
• What are the elementary constituents of matter?
• How is the matter antimatter asymmetry generated?
• How does the elementary constituents acquire
  their mass?
• What is the nature of the dark universe?
• Is gravity understood and are there extra
  dimensions?
• What is the nature and properties of the
  neutrino?
• What is the origin of the HE/UHE cosmic rays?

How are we going to address these questions?
I believe several answers/hints will come from
the LHC
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The LHC is a reality
The LHC results will determine the future course
of High Energy Physics
its detectors too
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In our last report ECFA/01/213 on the Future of
Accelerator-based Particle Physics in
Europe, ECFA has identified the main research
directions.

• It recommended
• the allocation of all necessary resources to
  fully exploit the unique and pioneering LHC
  facility

• the construction in as timely a fashion as
  possible of a high-luminosity ee- Linear
  Accelerator with an energy range exceeding 400 GeV

• and for the long term
• a coordinated collaborative RD effort toward a
  neutrino factory based on a high-intensity muon
  storage ring, including as a first step the
  construction of a neutrino beam emanating from
  high-intensity proton beams
• a coordinated collaborative RD effort toward
  the development of a multi-TeV ee- Linear
  Accelerator, a very large hadron collider and a
  muon collider

It also stressed the urgent need of an improved
educational programme in the field of accelerator
physics and increased support for accelerator
RD activity in European universities, national
facilities and CERN
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The ongoing worldwide scientific programs
(including the LHC)
should provide the inputs leading to major
decisions
around 2010
We should have as many technological options as
possible available
Launch of European wide range and large scale
structured accelerator RD programs

• To reinforce already started activities as
  appropriate
• To initiate new ones
• To explore what could be the future RD
  direction

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Accelerator RD projects

• ESGARD Strategy
• Develop a general multipurpose program
• From which specific projects would emerge

http//care.lal.in2p3.fr
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Electron Linear accel. and coll. Electron Linear accel. and coll. HI/HE proton accelerators Neutrino Beams Neutrino Beams Neutrino Beams
exist. (in cons.) Projects TTF/ ILC CTF/ CLIC LHC, HERA SLHC/VLHC CNGS SuperBeam b-Beam ISIS,PSI m-beam
SRF X X
Photo Injector X X
High Intensity proton Injector X X X X
High Field magnets X X X X
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Networking activities
Coll. Type TeV MultiTev Toward PeV FEL
programs CARE RD EUROTEV CARE RD EUROLEAP CARE RD
Projects TTF ILC-GDE CTF3 CLIC X-FEL
Coll. Type superbeams b-beams nFact
programs CARE RD CARE RD EURISOL CARE RD Scoping Study
Projects Linac4, SPL SPL SPL, MICE
Coll. Type SLHC VLHC
programs CARE RD CARE RD
Projects Linac4 SPL or RCS
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A 3-year program, with Coordinating lab
DESY Admin. Coord. E. Elsen Scientific co-chairs
of SC G. Guignard N. Walker
Generic Design Study for ILC and CLIC
BDS Beam Delivery System DR Damping Rings PPS
Polarized Positron Source DIAG Diagnostics ILPS
Integrated Luminosity Performance Studies METSTB
Metrology and Stabilization GANMVL GAN
Multipurpose Virtual Laboratory
Contributing to the ILC-GDE
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Objectives

• To build a laser-plasma accelerator
• To accelerate electrons to the GeV energy range
  in a plasma wave.
• To test the issues related to the control of the
  properties of the electron beam
• Expected result accelerated e-beam with
• energy in the energy in the GeV range,
• energy spread of the order of 1,
• pulse duration of the order of 100 fs,
• charge in the range 10 to 100 pC

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EURISOL with b-beams
Connection To CARE
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Neutrino beams using b-beams
Megaton detector
A possible site could be at Frejus tunnel being
investigated as well as other sites
Such a detector is needed for Proton decays and n
from SN
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Summary of Accelerator RD projects
Project Type Beam Type Start date Duration Years Total Cost EU contribution
CARE I3 All 1/1/04 5 55 M 15.2 M
EUROTEV DS e,e- (LC) 1/1/05 3 29 M 9 M
EURISOL DS Ion, p (n b-beam) 1/1/05 4 33 M (3.3 M) 9.16 M (1 M)
Total gt117 M 33.2 M
EUROLEAP NEST e Plasma acceleration ??? 3 4.1 M 2 M

• These projects are well structured, with clear
  objectives, deliverables and milestones. Together
  with the big lab activities, they represent the
  backbone for the HEP European accelerator RD
  effort in order to play a leadership role
• In the improvement of present accelerators
• In the development of new accelerators

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Detector RD for ILC/CLIC
Coordination DESY Duration 4 years
Contract signature for a program start in 2006
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HE/UHE cosmic accelerators
a new source class Dark Accelerators

• extended
• hard spectra
• steady emission

TeV-Gamma-Ray
Radio
X-Ray
Three sources known
Protons (Auger) g-rays (Hess, Magic, Veritas,
Glast) Neutrinos (Megaton, IceCube,
KM3net) Gravitational waves (LISA)
Multi messenger study needed to understand
physics of sources and cosmic accelerators
(from T. Lohse, EPS2005)
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Other HEP non-accelerator RD projects
Project Type Topics Start date Duration Years Total Cost EU contribution
EUDET I3 Detectors for e,e- (LC) 1/1/06? 3 23.2 M 7 M
ILIAS http//ilias.in2p3.fr/ I3 Astroparticle multipurpose 1/4/04 4 10 M 7.5 M
KM3net http//www.km3net.org/ DS Astroparticle n telescope 1/1/06? 4 24.2 M 9 M
Total gt57 M 23.5 M
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD Accelerator RD
CARE Multipurpose (e,p,n) Multipurpose (e,p,n) Multipurpose (e,p,n) Multipurpose (e,p,n) Multipurpose (e,p,n) ? ? ? ?
EUROTEV DS ILCCLIC DS ILCCLIC DS ILCCLIC
EURISOL DS Neutrino b-beam DS Neutrino b-beam DS Neutrino b-beam DS Neutrino b-beam ? ? ? ?
DS nFact Scoping study Scoping study ? DS n ? DS n Fact ? ?
EUROLEAP e in plasma? e in plasma? e in plasma?
Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD Detector RD
EUDET ILC detectors
ILIAS Multipurpose Astropart Multipurpose Astropart Multipurpose Astropart
Megaton Prestudy Prestudy ? cavity ? cavity study study ? ?
KM3NET Undersea n telescope Undersea n telescope Undersea n telescope Undersea n telescope Undersea n telescope
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Personal tentative accelerator schedules (not all
will be possible)
Possible Decisions? 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2018 2018 2019 2020
Linac 4
SPL or RCS
LHC upgrade
ILC
or CLIC ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
superbeams
b-beams ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
nFact ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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European Strategy Forum for Research
Infrastructure (ESFRI)
http//www.cordis.lu/esfri/home.html

• Launch of a European Roadmap for Research
  Infrastructures
• Creating Europes first ever Roadmap of large
  scale research facilities/research
• infrastructures.
• The ESFRI Roadmap will be instrumental in
  helping to identify those projects
• that are crucial for the scientific community
  in Europe.
• The first roadmap is to be published by early
  Autumn 2006.

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CERN Council Strategy Group
http//cern.ch/council-strategygroup
The Strategy Group shall produce a Draft Strategy
Document (DSD) addressing the main lines of
Particle Physics in Europe, accelerator-based and
non-accelerator based, including RD for novel
accelerator and detector technologies. The DSD
shall be submitted to the CERN Council for
unanimous approval.
CERN COUNCIL
Strategy Group
Open Symposium (January/February)
Preparatory Group
Briefing Book March 31, 2006
DRAFT STRATEGY DOCUMENT Zeuthen May 2-5, 2006
STRATEGY DOCUMENT Lisbon, July 2006
ESFRI
HEP COMMUNITY and FUNDING AGENCIES
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Conclusions
Post lHC Many possibilities, LHC will tell what
is best
We are doing all efforts to keep all options open
On a more personal note
Thanks Larry for having spent with us 2 wonderful
years
We have benefited a lot from your expertise and
your advise
I certainly hope we will find ways to continue
there is and will be still a lot to do
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Building the Service
SC1 - Nov04-Jan05 - data transfer between CERN
and three Tier-1s (FNAL, NIKHEF, FZK)
SC2 Apr05 - data distribution from CERN to 7
Tier-1s 600 MB/sec sustained for 10 days (one
third of final nominal rate)
SC3 Sep-Dec05 - demonstrate reliable basic
service most Tier-1s, some Tier-2s push up
Tier-1 data rates to 150 MB/sec (60 MB/sec to
tape)
SC4 May-Aug06 - demonstrate full service all
Tier-1s, major Tier-2s full set of baseline
services data distribution and recording at
nominal LHC rate (1.6 GB/sec)
LHC Service in operation Sep06 over following
six months ramp up to full operational capacity
performance
LHC service commissioned Apr07
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Physics simulation work on the grid for the Rome
Physics WS
Very instructive comments from the user feedback
have been presented at the recent ATLAS Physics
Workshop (obviously this was one of the main
themes and purposes of the meeting)
This is the first successful use of the grid by
a large user community in ATLAS
Computing TDR submitted
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Reliability analysis
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• Cavity and auxiliary components performances
  analysis
• Analysis of the correlation between performances
  degradation and unusual fabrication steps
• Analysis of the procedure used in the cavity
  production and assembly

Build database
Cavity performances degradation (between vertical
and cryomodule) appears to be correlated with
the numbers of problems encountered in the
assembly procedure.
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Remove welds by hydroforming or spinning cavities
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Heart of hydroforming machine
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Arc coating
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DESY Electro polishing machine is ready 10
cavities are expected to be electropolished this
year
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JRA-SRF Industrial cooperation SQUID system for
eddy current testing of niobium sheets
An excitation coil produces eddy currents in the
sample, whose magnetic field is detected by the
SQUID. A compensation coil close to the SQUID
cancels the excitation field at the SQUID.
SQUID-based scanning system developed at company
WSK and University Gießen (Germany) for big parts
1.5 x 1.5 m Scanning of Nb sheets possible ( as
it can be seen on picture)
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ELBE SRF-cryomodule
Status Design completely finished in July 2004
Cavity Design finished, in fabrication Cavity
tuners Fabrication finished Tests in
preparation Cathode cooling system Design
finished, in fabrication Cathode transfer
system Design finished Cathode preparation
chamber Design finished Fabrication
finished Assembly and tests started
Cryomodule Design finished, in fabrication.
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Plasma Photo-injector at LOA

• Electron beam obtained at
• 170 MeV
• 15 energy spread
• Charge 500pC

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• NED is promoting the development of high
  performance Nb3Sn wire in collaboration with
  European industry and revisit magnetic and
  mechanical designs to achieve enhanced
  performance magnets
• allowing one to upgrade the LHC toward
• Higher luminosity and possibly higher energy on
  the long term
• compact final focus magnet for LC

Thermal Studies and Quench Protection
(TSQP) Conductor Development (CD) Insulation
Development and Implementation (IDI)
3 WP managnt

• Specifications for the cable have been set
• June 23, 2004 call for tender to sent to
  Alstom/MSA, EAS, OK Cu, OK SI, SMI
• September 30, 2004 Order place to Alstom/MSA
  and SMI/EAS for
• the collaborative development of
  superconductor cables
• capable to reach high current density
  (1500A/mm2 15T large aperture dipole)

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