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VE Input Devices

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Doug Bowman (Modified by Sabarish V. Babu) Virginia Tech. Bowman, et al., Chapter 4 ... (C) 2005 Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, Sabarish Babu, Univ. Iowa. 10 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: VE Input Devices


1
VE Input Devices
  • Doug Bowman
  • (Modified by Sabarish V. Babu)
  • Virginia Tech
  • Bowman, et al., Chapter 4

2
Goals and Motivation
  • Provide practical introduction to the input
    devices used in VEs
  • Examine common and state of the art input devices
  • look for general trends
  • spark creativity
  • Advantages and disadvantages
  • Discuss how different input devices affect
    interface design

3
Input devices
  • Hardware that allows the user to communicate with
    the system
  • Input device vs. interaction technique
  • Single device can implement many ITs

4
Human-computer interface
User interface software
Input devices
System Software
Output devices
User
5
Human-VE interface
Env. model
Display(s)
Simulation loop -render -check for
events -respond to events -iterate
simulation -get new tracker data
Tracking system
Input device(s)
6
Input device characteristics
  • Degrees of Freedom (DOFs) DOF composition
    (integral vs. separable)
  • Range of reported values discrete/continuous/hybr
    id
  • User action required active/passive/hybrid
  • Intended use locator, valuator, choice,
  • Frame of reference relative vs. absolute
  • Properties sensed position, motion, force,

7
Practical classification system
  • Desktop devices
  • Tracking devices
  • 3D mice
  • Special-purpose devices
  • Direct human input

8
Desktop devices keyboards
  • Chord keyboards1
  • Arm-mounted keyboards2
  • Soft keyboards (logical devices)

9
Desktop devices 6-DOF devices
  • 6 DOFs without tracking
  • Often isometric
  • Exs SpaceBall, SpaceMouse, SpaceOrb

10
Tracking physical objects (props)
11
Tracking devices eye tracking
12
Tracking devices pinch gloves
  • Conductive cloth at fingertips
  • Any gesture of 2 to 10 fingers, plus combinations
    of gestures
  • gt 115,000 gestures

13
Pinch Gloves for menus
  • TULIP system14
  • ND hand selects menu, D hand selects item within
    menu
  • Limited to comfortable gestures
  • Visual feedback on virtual hands

14
3D mice
  • Ring Mouse
  • Fly Mouse
  • Wand
  • Cubic Mouse
  • Dragonfly

15
Special-purpose devices using conductive cloth
  • Virtual toolbelt
  • Used to select virtual tools
  • Good use of proprioceptive cues
  • Interaction slippers3
  • Step on displayed options
  • Click heels to go home

16
Special-purpose devices Painting Table4
17
Special-purpose devices ShapeTape11
18
Human input speech
  • Frees hands
  • Allows multimodal input
  • No special hardware
  • Specialized software
  • Issues recognition, ambient noise, training,
    false positives,

19
Human input Bioelectric Control
20
Human input Body Sensing Devices
21
More human input
  • Breathing device - OSMOSE
  • Brain-body actuated control
  • muscle movements
  • thoughts!

22
Locomotion devices
  • Treadmills
  • Stationary cycles
  • VMC / magic carpet
  • Walking/flying simulations (use trackers)

23
UNIPORT
  • First Locomotion Device For U.S. Army (1994)
  • Proof-of-concept demonstration
  • Developed in six weeks
  • Difficult to change direction of travel
  • Small motions such as side-stepping are impossible

24
Treadport
  • Developed in 1995
  • Based on a standard treadmill with the user being
    monitored and constrained by mechanical
    attachment to the users waist
  • User actually walks or jogs instead of pedaling
  • Physical movement is constrained to one direction

25
Individual Soldier Mobility Simulator (Biport)
  • Most sophisticated locomotion device
  • Designed for the conduct of locomotion studies
  • Hydraulic-based locomotion driven w/ force
    sensors at the feet
  • Safeguards limited responsiveness
  • Too awkward to operate

26
Omni-Directional Treadmill15,16
  • Most recently developed locomotion device for
    U.S. Army
  • Revolutionary device that enables bipedal
    locomotion in any direction of travel
  • Consists of two perpendicular treadmills
  • Two fundamental types of movement
  • User initiated movement
  • System initiated movement

27
Torus treadmill
28
Virtual Motion Controller17
  • Weight sensors in platform sense users position
    over platform
  • Step in direction to move that direction
  • Step further to go faster

29
Walking in place18,19
  • Analyze tracker information from head, body, feet
  • Neural network (Slater)
  • GAITER project (Templeman)
  • Shown to be better than purely virtual movement,
    but worse than real walking20

30
Classification of locomotion devices/techniques
31
Input and output with a single device
  • Classic example - touch screen
  • LCD tablets or PDAs with pen-based input
  • Phantom haptic device
  • FEELEX haptic device21

32
PDA as ideal VE device?22
  • Offers both input and output
  • Has on-board memory
  • Wireless communication
  • Portable, light, robust
  • Allows text / number input
  • Can be tracked to allow spatial input

33
Conclusions
  • When choosing a device, consider
  • Cost
  • Generality
  • DOFs
  • Ergonomics / human factors
  • Typical scenarios of use
  • Output devices
  • Interaction techniques

34
Acknowledgments
  • Doug Bowman, Virginia Tech, Center for
    Human-Computer Interaction
  • Joe LaViola, Brown University, for slides and
    discussions
  • Ron Spencer, presentation on locomotion devices
    used by the Army

35
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36
References (2)
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37
References (3)
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