UE SI PRESA

1
UE SI PRESA

• DE LA METAFORA
• LA
• LIMBA DE LEMN

2
ZEITGEIST?

• Intentiile lui Jean Monnet, in viziunea lui
  Adrian Hilton, parlamentar conservator
• "Europe's nations should be guided towards a
  super state without their people understanding
  what is happening. This can be accomplished by
  successive steps each disguised as having an
  economic purpose, but which will eventually and
  irreversibly lead to federation."

3
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTI.
ORIGINEA MITULUI EUROPEAN

• Churchill speaks in Zurich
• Churchill advocates the creation of a United
  States of Europe based on Franco-German
  cooperation
• From our special correspondent
• Zurich, 19 September
• On the occasion of the address given by Winston
  Churchill at the University of Zurich on 19
  September 1946, the Belgian daily newspaper Le
  Soir comments on the former British Prime
  Minister's support for a United States of Europe
  based on FrancoGerman reconciliation

4
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTI ORIGINEA
MITULUI EUROPEAN

• "Que l'Europe se lève!
• 27 September 1946,
• Le Phare Dimanche (Belgia)
• M. Churchill a déclaré  Nous devons
  construire une sorte d'Etats-Unis d'Europe... Le
  premier pas vers la réhabilitation de la famille
  européenne doit être une entente entre la France
  et l'Allemagne... Il ne peut exister de renouveau
  européen sans une grande France spirituelle et
  sans une grande Allemagne spirituelle... .

5
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTIORIGINEA
MITULUI EUROPEAN

• Letter from Carlo Sforza to Robert Schuman (24
  August 1948)
• Rome, 24 August 1948
• Dear President and Colleague,
• It is to you first and foremost that I would
  like to submit the Italian Governments ideas on
  the matter we both hold equally dear European
  union.
• I am sure you agree with me that Briand failed
  in his time because he was too ambitious, seeking
  to build the foundations and the roof all at
  once. We must begin at the beginning. Above all,
  those who see European union not only as the
  surest means of securing peace but also the best
  way to safeguard the prosperity and security of
  their countries must work together. That is what
  we are doing.
• I spent 10 years between 1930 and 1940 in
  southern Provence, near Toulon, watching the
  build-up to the terrible tragedy and thinking
  only of this how can our two countries
  eventually be united, to become once more the
  pioneers of peace in the Christian world. Now we
  have the answer, if we keep our heads. I am
  therefore sending you through our Embassy the
  memorandum to which I recommend you give your
  personal attention.
• Your very devoted
• Sforza

6
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTI.PROFETII

• The prophet of Zürich
• by Josef Joffe
• Fifty years after the address given by Winston
  Churchill, former British Prime Minister, at the
  University of Zurich on 19 September 1946, the
  German daily newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung
  analyses the repercussions of Churchill's vision
  of the future of Europe.

7
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTISE CAUTA
UN BRAND

• Europe, an open society
• February 1947
• Fédération,
• by Henri Brugmans
• We are perhaps entering a period in which new
  connections will have to be made. Philosophy is
  trying to grasp the concept of the person, the
  whole that we represent, despite the many
  changes that we embody, despite our differences.
  And, in public life, a new doctrine is gaining
  ground, one that is both vigorous and flexible
  Federalism.

8
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTI.UNIREA
FACE PUTEREA.

• Federazione europea o nuove guerre
• 29 August 1948,
• Corriere della Sera
• by Count Carlo Sforza,
• Italian Foreign Minister,

9
INCEPUTURILE. IDEALURI DAR NU IDEALISTI.SE CER
RASPUNSURI

• Etes-vous fédéraliste ?
• Le 6 janvier 1948,
• Luxemburger Wort propose que le Luxembourg
  devienne le porte-parole du fédéralisme européen
  et mondial.

10
REALISTII SI SENTIMENTALII.UTOPIILE SUNT
TEMPERATE

• 12 May 1948,
• La Dernière Heure (Belgia)
• Deux tendances au Congrès de l'Europe Unie,
  celle des réalistes et celle des sentimentaux
• (De notre envoyé spécial.)
• La Haye, 10 mai (par téléphone).
• An important new beginning
• I am among those who felt moved by a great wave
  of hope and faith when, thirty years ago,
  President Wilson declared to the world that the
  reward for victory over the Central Empires would
  be peace. Peace founded on liberty, justice and
  solidarity. Peace guaranteed by the International
  Order.

11
TIMID, APAR PRAGMATICII

• 23 December 1947,
• Luxemburger Wort
• Benelux customs tariff from 1 January
• The birth of the Benelux Customs Union
• Special report by our correspondent
• On 1 January 1948, the Benelux customs tariff
  will come into force. This will be an event of
  fundamental importance for our economy, although
  political controversy still surrounds it. From
  this day forward, trade between the three
  signatory states (Belgium, the Netherlands and
  Luxembourg) will no longer be subject to customs
  clearance. As regards goods entering the Benelux
  region from a third country, Belgium, the
  Netherlands and Luxembourg have agreed to
  standardise their respective customs duties.
  Problems that arose during negotiations were
  largely resolved at the eleventh hour thanks to
  an agreement between the three countries that
  they would not, or only fractionally, increase
  the established duties on a number of imported
  goods for a period of one year.

12
SI SCEPTICII

• 4 January 1950,
• Corriere della Sera
• Too many scientists working on the Benelux
  experiment
• From our special correspondent
• Economic union between Belgium, the Netherlands
  and Luxembourg should have been concluded on
  1 January, but has been deferred for six months

13
OCCIDENTUL - A TREIA FORTA?

• 31 January 1948
• Frankfurter Rundschau
• West-Union - eine Dritte Kraft?
• emphasises the importance of the proposal made
  in the House of Commons by Ernest Bevin, British
  Foreign Secretary, in which he called for greater
  unity in Western Europe and speculated on the
  emergence of a third new force alongside that of
  the United States and the Soviet Union.

14
ALIATI SI INAMICI

• 18 March 1948
• Het Parool (Olanda)
• gives its views on the new European defence
  system.
• De grote alliantie

15
NU E VORBA DOAR DE BANI

• 18 October 1950,
• Combat (Franta)
• Europe is not just a matter for financiers
• An investigation by Robert MALVAL
• Two years ago, the establishment of the
  Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
  (OEEC) aroused much interest and raised many
  hopes, which were, however, quickly dashed.
  Conceived in the first instance to achieve purely
  technical objectives to draw up a common
  investment programme for the eighteen member
  countries and submit it to the administrators of
  the Marshall Plan in order to decide how the
  American aid should be shared out, the OEEC
  actually found itself in the position of having
  acquired a deep understanding of the various
  economies in Europe.

16
UN NOU CONCEPT CELE DOUA EUROPE

• 14 April 1949,
• Le Monde
• after the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty,
  the French daily newspaper reports on the impact
  of the Cold War on the future of a united Europe
  and speculates on how to ease East-West
  relations.
• Unir les deux Europes
• La guerre froide entre l'Est et l'Ouest n'a pas
  seulement divisé l'Allemagne, mais l'Europe.
  Certes la domination soviétique sur les Balkans
  comme sur l'Allemagne orientale était prévue dans
  les accords de Yalta, qui furent pour l'Occident
  une défaite diplomatique écrasante  si les
  troupes anglo-saxonnes étaient entrées les
  premières à Berlin et à Prague, comme elles
  l'auraient fait sans cet obstacle, la face de
  l'Europe eût été changée.

17
MISIUNI SECRETE

• A close colleague of the French Foreign
  Minister, Robert Schuman, Robert Mischlich is
  entrusted with the secret mission of personally
  announcing the French initiative to pool European
  coal and steel to German Chancellor Konrad
  Adenauer on the morning of 9 May 1950.
• Robert Mischlich, A secret mission to Bonn
• As time was running out, Robert Schuman said to
  me You will travel to Bonn this evening and
  meet Chancellor Adenauer tomorrow before noon.
  You will hand to him personally two documents,
  one of which contains a summary of the proposal I
  shall present to the Council of Ministers on
  9 May. My mission was thus perfectly clear and
  timed with unusual precision. The Minister added
  Only a few people know about this mission Im
  assigning to you Jean Monnet and Clappier are
  two of them, obviously and it should remain
  secret until it has been completed. It is of the
  utmost importance that it should be that way, as
  the slightest indiscretion would be enough to
  ruin a plan by which I set great store.

18
MOMENTE ISTORICE. MARTORII

• A colleague of Jean Monnet and a firsthand
  witness of Robert Schuman's Declaration in the
  Salon de l'Horloge of the French Foreign Ministry
  in Paris, François Fontaine describes the events
  that took place.
• The 30 days that shook Europe
• Eyewitness of the events that were to end with
  the creation of the Community, François Fontaine
  gives a detailed account of them for the first
  time

19
EUROPA, REVOLUTIONATA DE MANAGERI?

• 18 May 1950,
• Die Zeit
• the German weekly newspaper outlines the
  revolutionary' aspects of the French proposal
  for a coal and steel pool in Western Europe,
  known as the Schuman Plan.
• Managers not politicians Europe is
  revolutionised
• The cabinet plan presented by Foreign Minister
  Robert Schuman to the press representatives
  assembled in the Clock Room at the Quai dOrsay
  on the eve of the London conference was bold and
  modern in a way that would not be expected of the
  French, who since the war have been accused of
  always taking decisions too late.

20
UN NOU CONCEPT

• 6 mai 1967,
• Le monde du travail
• Pour une Europe sociale
• par Léon-Éli Troclet
• Le 25 mars dernier, on a célébré le dixième
  anniversaire de la signature à Rome du traité qui
  a institué le Marché commun, autrement dit la
   Communauté économique européenne . Les
  délégués des partis socialistes des six pays
  associés ont commémoré cet événement en un
  meeting à Paris car toute entente pacifique entre
  États  surtout lorsquils ont été séculairement
  en guerre  doit être saluée et soulignée par des
  socialistes.

21
FRANTA PROVOACA EMOTII

• 18 December 1964,
• Le Monde
• The French daily newspaper considers the
  likelihood and the implications of French
  military neutrality vis-à-vis the United States
  and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
  (NATO).
• Towards military neutrality
• By Maurice Duverger
• France's opposition to the plans for a
  multilateral force would carry more weight if it
  did not restrict itself to haughty refusals.
  Paris has the means to exert a strong influence
  on the negotiations that are under way. But they
  need to use them while there is still time.

22
O NOUA VIZIUNE

• 1965
• Lëtzeburger Bauere-Kalenner,
• periodical for the Luxembourg Farmers'
  Association, would welcome the implementation of
  a common agricultural policy in Europe.
• A green Europe?

23
MAREA BRITANIE vs FRANTA

• 1969
• Roger Massip, journalist, tells the story of the
  turbulent courtship, throught the 1960s, between
  the United Kingdom and the Europe of the Six.
• The tale of a turbulent courtship between the
  United Kingdom and Europe
• 19611963 the first round of negotiations and
  the French veto
• Negotiations with the Six began in October
  1961, shortly after the Commons vote approving
  the Prime Ministers decision. The Commission, at
  that time presided over by Mr Walter Hallstein,
  participated in the negotiations under the
  supervision of the Council of Ministers of the
  Community. The meetings were numerous and the
  discussions difficult, and the British public
  reacted with caution when faced with the prospect
  of heavy sacrifices brought to light by the
  endless debate. At the close of the negotiations,
  Mr Harold Macmillan had postponed consideration
  of the most contentious problems, in other words,
  those which could be resolved only if Britain
  made significant concessions, and so, as the
  painful decisions drew nearer, the British public
  was already unsympathetic, if not downright
  hostile. Therefore, at the crucial moment, the
  British negotiators had only limited room for
  manoeuvre. Failure was imminent.

24
DE GAULLE TRANTESTE USA

• 18 January 1963
• The Guardian
• Why Gen. de Gaulle slammed the door
• From Darsie Gillie
• Exactly why President de Gaulle chose to slam
  the door on Britain last Monday has been
  preoccupying French commentators ever since. The
  consequences have grown bigger, not smaller.

25
UN PERSONAJ CARE FACE ISTORIA

• 1 December 1967
• Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
• Is de Gaulle anti-everything?
• by Jürgen Tem
• Efforts to include Britain in the European
  Economic Community (EEC) cannot be given up but
  must be continued. It will come about. Frances
  five EEC partners cling to this notion, which was
  also reflected by the British Governments
  disappointment and annoyance. And even the French
  Government is prepared for a long drawn-out
  process regarding the British application
  unless the British unexpectedly lose all their
  courage and patience. Unfortunately, patience is
  increasingly going to be an essential
  prerequisite.

26
EFTA INCEPE SA SE AUDA LIMBA DE LEMN

• December 1960
• The Free Trade Association has a role to play in
  European unification
• FRANK E. FIGGURES, secretary-general of EFTA.
• It is a year since the ministers of EFTAs seven
  member countries (1) initialled in Stockholm the
  Convention establishing the European Free Trade
  Association. The time has come to take stock and
  see what progress EFTA has made since then.

27
ESTE IDENTIFICAT INAMICUL COMUN

• March 1957,
• Il nuovo Corriere della Sera
• Diversionary manoeuvre by Moscow against
  European unification
• The Kremlin proposes a pan-European conference
  for economic and nuclear cooperation to counter
  Euratom and the Common Market

28
FRUMOASA SI BESTIILE
29
CRIZA BERLINULUI

• 1961

30
ZIDUL O NOUA METAFORA

• 24 August 1962
• Corriere della Sera
• condemns the death of a young man, Peter
  Fechter, shot down by East German border guards
  at the foot of the Berlin Wall, and deplores the
  political and economic situation in East Berlin.
• l muro del sangue
• Venerdì, alcuni poliziotti della Germania
  orientale hanno abbattuto un operaio giovanissimo
  quasi un ragazzo che, in pieno giorno,
  tentava di scavalcare il muro per rifugiarsi a
  Berlino Ovest. Lo sventurato, colpito al momento
  in cui era salito sul muro, vacillò e cadde
  indietro, in terra comunista.

31
EUROPA PRIVESTE PESTE CORTINA

• 1968

32
FOTOGRAFII CARE DEVIN ISTORIE

• 1 December 1969,
• Hague Summit
• Mariano Rumor, Willy Brandt,
• Georges Pompidou, Piet de Jonck,
• Gaston Eyskens, Jacques Chaban-Delmas
• nd Pierre Werner.
• In the second row (from left to right)
• Aldo Moro, Gaston Thorn,
• Maurice Schumann,
• Pierre Harmel, Joseph Luns
• and Walter Scheel.

33
SI LEGENDA FOTOGRAFIEIPRIMA VARIANTA

• 4 December 1969
• Le Monde
• emphasises the joint efforts of the German
  Chancellor, Willy Brandt, and the French
  President, Georges Pompidou, to make the European
  Summit in The Hague a diplomatic success.
• A compromise
• Who would have thought, a few months ago, that
  an agreement like that signed in The Hague was
  possible, when Europe was still rife with
  suspicion? Even on Tuesday morning, the
  discrepancies between the statements made seemed
  so great that many delegations made no attempt to
  hide their pessimism.

34
A DOUA

• 4 December 1969
• Le Figaro
• Un nouveau départ
• par Roger Massip
• La conférence de La Haye va permettre à l'Europe
  de prendre un nouveau départ. Cette constatation
  s'était imposée à ceux qui en ont suivi le
  déroulement, et la lecture du communiqué, malgré
  les termes très généraux dans lesquels est rédigé
  ce document, la confirme pleinement.

35
VIZIONARII FAC LOC TEHNOCRATILOR POLITICA
AGRICOLA COMUNA

• 4 October 1975,
• Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
• CAP
• deplores the attitude of the European
  Agriculture Ministers, who, despite their
  declarations of intent, are dragging their feet
  when it comes to implementing a reform of the
  common agricultural policy (CAP).

36
CARICATURISTII SUNT SINGURII CARE MAI INTELEG
CEVA
37
IAR JURNALISTII RECURG LA METAFORE

• 22 July 1974
• Der Spiegel
• Like cardinals in conclave
• First, Europes Agriculture Ministers subsidised
  cattle rearing, now they are spending over
  DM 1 000 million to get rid of a beef mountain.

38
ANII 70 APARE PROBLEMA IDENTITATII

• 13 December 1973
• L'Humanité
• European identity
• Yesterdays surprise visit by Arab leaders to
  Copenhagen clearly caused some awkwardness at the
  opening of the summit conference of the nine
  Common Market countries.

39
MINISTRII DEVIN JURNALISTI

• March 1969
• L'Expansion
• L'aube d'un nouveau système monétaire
• Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
• L'ancien ministre des Finances prend position
  pour la monnaie européenne, contre la hausse du
  prix de l'or.

40
JURNALISTII (ISI) PUN INTREBARI

• October 1968
• Communauté européenne
• Why an European currency?
• The Treaty of Rome has little to say about
  monetary affairs. The monarchical right to mint
  coinage is a privilege of sovereign states, and
  one of the most jealously guarded by governments.

41
CORESPONDENTUL SPECIAL(BREAKING NEWS?)

• 12 May 1971
• Corriere della Sera
• We need monetary union
• From our special correspondent

42
TITLURI CARE FAC ISTORIE

• 23 novembre 1978
• The Guardian
• détaille la position du gouvernement britannique
  à l'encontre du Système monétaire européen (SME).
• Britain rejects both the snake and the apple
• As the possibility of Britain joining the
  proposed European Monetary System on January 1
  has diminished, the first aim of British
  diplomacy has become how to prevent a general
  deterioration of Britain's relations with the
  Common Market. The Cabinet is yet to make a
  formal decision, but Ministers have come to
  regard the EMS as little more than a thinly
  disguised version of the old German dominated
  currency snake.42

43
IN FINE, UN MOMENT ISTORIC PENTRU CETATENIPRIMA
EXTINDERE

• 13 January 1971
• Süddeutsche Zeitung
• Great Britain opposition to the EEC mounts
• The cow is too fat for us
• From our correspondent Dieter Schröder
• Propaganda is focusing just as much on a fear of
  rising
• food prices as on anxiety over loss of
  sovereignty

44
O EUROPA RELAXATA PROTESTATARI ZAMBIND
45
UE VA IZBAVI IRLANDA DE SARACIE!

• décembre 1972
• Europa Union
• annonce la fin de la période de pauvreté et de
  misère en Irlande grâce à l'adhésion du pays aux
  Communautés européennes.
• Wenn die Iren nunmehr Europäer" werden
• Das Ende der Periode der Armut und Not ist für
  die Grüne Insel in Sicht
• Nach der Mißernte und der darauffolgenden
  Hungersnot im Herbst des Jahres 1846 verließ mehr
  als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung die Grüne Insel"
  Irland. So wurde New York zur größten irischen
  Stadt.

46
UE SI DANEMARCA MIRELE SI MIREASA

• 4 October 1972
• Le Monde
• in its coverage of the 'yes' vote following the
  popular referendum organised in Denmark on the
  subject of the country's accession to the Common
  Market, French daily newspaper analyses the
  results of the ballot.
• A marriage of convenience
• The Danes have now voted clearly and
  overwhelmingly in favour of joining the Common
  Market, thus removing the last obstacle to the
  birth of an enlarged European Community on
  1 January next year. Of course, there will only
  be nine instead of the ten members that had been
  hoped for a year ago. While the resounding Danish
  yes vote does not dispel the unpleasant
  impression left by Norways no last week, it
  nevertheless marks a new beginning.

47
UE SI NORVEGIA LOGODNICUL SI LOGODNICA

• On 25 September 1972, the no' vote
• triumphs at the popular referendum
• on Norway's accession to the common
• market. For German cartoonist, Hartung,
• The fiancé says no' and the marriage'
• between Norway and the European
• Economic Community (EEC) falls through.

48
BATALIA PENTRU PARLAMENTUL EUROPEAN

• In 1972, demonstrators from the
• European Movement take to the
• street in front of the seat of the
• European Parliament in Strasbourg,
• calling for European elections by
• direct universal suffrage.

49
EUROPENII INTELEG, IN SFARSIT, CE LI SE INTAMPLA

• 19 May 1979
• Le Soir
• the Belgian Socialist MP, Hervé Brouhon,
  welcomes the forthcoming first elections to the
  European Parliament by direct universal suffrage,
  emphasising the importance of these elections for
  his party.
• From utopia to reality
• On 10 June, my daughter Huguette will vote for
  the first time.
• Is it not strange, she said to me the other
  evening, that I am not allowed to elect Members
  of Parliament and Senators in my own country when
  I can vote for Members of the European
  Parliament? Then, having thought for a moment,
  she added But I think that it is really good
  that my first vote is for Europe. It seems
  symbolic. My future and the future of the younger
  generations is going to depend on Europe, is it
  not?

50
UNIUNEA ARE O MIZA

• 22 June 1971
• Le Figaro
• Americas four million farmers demand
  protectionist measures against green Europes
  fourteen million
• Is the United States about to start a trade war
  with the Community?

51
CRIZA PETROLULUI. CRIZA GAZULUI UN REMAKE

• or the cartoonist Fritz Behrendt,
• Winter 1973' is synonymous with
• the problems faced by the West
• in the wake of the oil crisis,
• although France continues
• to maintain good relations
• with the countries in the
• Middle East.

52
RFG, RDG SI O INMORMANTARE

• On 12 May 1980
• Der Spiegel
• comments on the meeting between Erich Honecker,
  President of the GDR State Council, and Helmut
  Schmidt, Chancellor of the FRG, at Marshall
  Tito's funeral in Belgrade.
• We ought to have a funeral like this every
  year
• The policy of détente must continue that was
  the view shared by Erich Honecker and Helmut
  Schmidt at the German-German summit meeting in
  Belgrade. And, in order to re-start East-West
  dialogue, Chancellor Schmidt has been advised by
  Polish Communist Party chief Edward Gierek to
  visit Leonid Brezhnev in Moscow.

53
19801986 O NOUA EXTINDERENOILE MIRESE

• March 1977
• Vision
• gives an account of the economic situation of
  the three future candidate countries for
  accession to the European Economic Community
  Spain, Greece and Portugal.
• Trois coups frappés à la porte des Neuf
• Athènes, Lisbonne et Madrid poussent très fort
  leur candidature à la CEE. Politiquement et
  industriellement, les trois pays sont à moitié
  prêts, mais leurs agricultures posent des
  problèmes quasi insolubles.

54
Recursul la istorie

• 23 mai 1977
• La Vie Française
• se demande si l'adhésion de leur pays aux
  Communautés européennes répond vraiment aux
  attentes des Grecs.
• La Grèce amoureuse de l'Europe
• Pour les Grecs, le Marché commun apparaît comme
  la voie du salut. Pour des raisons autant
  politiques qu'économiques. Mais ne risquent-ils
  pas de toute façon d'être déçus?

55
O INTREBARE DEMNA DE UN JURNALIST

• 1 January 1981
• Le Monde
• calls for a reform of the Community institutions
  and the way in which they operate.
• Where is Pericles?
• The tenth place in Europes Common Market will,
  from 1 January, be taken by Greece.
• At the forefront of the new arrivals, later to
  include Spain and Portugal, Greece has the merit
  largely recognised by French diplomacy of
  pulling Europe southwards, balancing out a
  structure which, to date, has been too much
  drowned in the northern fog. Was it right,
  moreover, that this land, one of the cradles of
  our civilisation, should play no part in European
  integration?

56
IN LOC DE PERICLE ESTE GASIT AJAX
57
UN TITLU CAT O STIRE

• On 5 December 1985
• Le Monde
• Accord des Dix sur le vin
• Un important obstacle à l'élargissement de la
  CEE a été levé à Dublin
• De nos envoyés spéciaux
• Dublin. - Les Dix sont parvenus, le lundi soir 3
  décembre, à un accord sur les réformes à apporter
  à l'organisation commune du marché du vin.
  Conformément aux orientations données lors du
  conseil européen de Fontainebleau, ces
  aménagements viseront à assurer la maîtrise
  quantitative de la production, autrement dit à
  stopper net la politique d'expansion pratiquée
  par certaines régions viticoles de la Communauté,
  notamment en Italie.

58
SI UN SCURT RAGAZ PENTRU A PRIVI INAPOI

• 25 years after ' the creation
• of the European Economic Community,
• Europe's Community policy
• remains deadlocked.

59
INCA UN TITLU-STIRE

• 26 May 1984
• Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
• describes the goals of French President François
  Mitterrand's European policy and examines the
  impact of the speech he gave to the European
  Parliament in Strasbourg on 23 May 1984.
• The amazing transformation of President
  Mitterrand
• The inventors of the veto in the Community want
  to abandon it
• Strasbourg, 25 May. The final part-session of
  the European Parliament in Strasbourg before the
  elections in mid-June brought the kind of impetus
  to the proceedings that had not been seen for a
  long time.

60
NOSTALGICII IAU LOCUL VIZIONARILOR

• Italian Euro-MP, Altiero Spinelli,
• photographed in 1984 in front of
• the Crocodile' restaurant in
• Strasbourg where the foundations
• were first laid for a parliamentary
• project in favour of a federal Europe.

61
VOCABULARUL ESTE PREA SARAC

• 16 February 1986
• La Libre Belgique
• publishes an article criticising the measures
  set out under the SEA and expressing the desire
  that the European Community develop, first and
  foremost, through a union of peoples.
• The Single European
• Act what an anticlimax!
• It will be late today, Monday, in Luxembourg,
• that the Single European Act (a pointlessly
• pompous title which is meaningless to the
  average citizen,
• since it gives no indication of the documents
  actual content)
• will be declared open for signature by
• the governments of the European Communitys
  Member States.

62
O EUROPA FARA FRONTIERE

• On 12 July 1988
• Emanuele Gazzo, Chief Editor of Agence Europe
• two years before the signing of the Schengen
  Agreement, criticises the increasingly slow pace
  at which the Twelve are progressing towards a
  Europe without frontiers..
• "An area without frontiers" A lure
• Our grandchildren will continue to cry and to
  suffer for as long as their parents have to cross
  the internal borders of the Community (see Dieter
  Rogalle in EUROPE of 9/7, p. 14), since this
  divisional situation could last.

63
IN LOC DE ARME

• 23 mai 1992
• L'Humanité
• le quotidien communiste français dénonce la
  nouvelle réforme de la politique agricole commune
  et y voit une capitulation de l'agriculture
  européenne face aux exigences des États-Unis
  notamment dans le cadre des négociations du GATT.
• The food weapon
• The Ministers for Agriculture of the Twelve have
  just demolished their own common agricultural
  policy (CAP). As a result, nine million European
  farmers have found themselves hit by a lowering
  of the price of cereals by 29  and that of beef
  by 15 . It is a knife in the back of the
  agricultural world.

64
DE LA IDEALURI LA BUGET

• 12 février 1988
• Die Zeit
• à l'occasion du Conseil européen de Bruxelles
  des 11 et 12 février, l'hebdomadaire allemand,
  commente les discussions entre l'Allemagne et ses
  partenaires européens, notamment le Royaume-Uni,
  sur le paquet Delors.
• Wir geben das Geld, die anderen geben nach
• Seit sechs Wochen läuft alles auf den Brüsseler
  Gipfel zu - ein Sondergipfel unter Vorsitz von
  Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl. So ernst war es den
  zwölf Staats- und Regierungschefs mit ihrem 45.
  Treffen, daß jedes Ambiente vom Programm
  gestrichen wurde kein Besuch beim belgischen
  König, kein Dinner im Schloß, kein Geplauder am
  Kamin.

65
DESPRE UNIUNEA MONETARA

• Come on in! Vite!
• The water's wunderbar!'
• On 28 June 1989, Cummings, British cartoonist,
• illustrates the British Prime Minister
• Margaret Thatcher's mistrust of calls
• from the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl
• and the President of the French Republic
• François Mitterrand to support the Delors Plan,
• which provides for Economic and
• Monetary Union (EMU) in three stages.

66
UN PIC DE SUFLET, VA RUGAM!

• 7 February 1992
• La Libre Belgique
• at the signing of the Treaty on European Union
  in Maastricht, the conservative daily newspaper
  points out the shortcomings of the Treaty in the
  light of the challenges which await the Twelve.
• Un peu dâme sil vous plaît
• Parce qu'ils cherchaient des compromis, et que
  les compromis ne répondent jamais aux grandes
  aspirations, les dirigeants de la Communauté
  européenne ont manqué d'ambition en décembre
  dernier à Maastricht en finalisant le Traité sur
  l'Union européenne. Ils se retrouvent ce vendredi
  dans la ville frontalière néerlandaise, pressés
  de signer ce document historique . Ont-ils
  raison de se réjouir ?

67
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 8 February 1992
• Le Monde
• To be continued 
• On 7 February 1992 in Maastricht,
• the Foreign and Finance Ministers
• of the 12 Member States of the
• European Communities sign the
• Treaty on European Union.

68
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• FebruaryMarch 1992
• Crocodile
• Twelve Stingy Ladies
• Dear President Delors,
• We are convinced that the national parliaments
  must ratify the Treaty of Maastricht provided
  that this decision be taken as a solemn
  commitment to union. This expression of faith
  will be manifest if ratification is flanked by
  two precise commitments
• observance of the deadlines laid down in the
  Treaty of Maastricht, in particular in regard to
  European citizenship and economic and monetary
  union

69
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 4 June 1992
• The Guardian
• commenting on the Danish people's refusal to
  ratify the Maastricht Treaty, the British
  left-wing daily newspaper speculates on the
  future of the European integration process.
• Earthquake rocks the Euro-bridge
• If only one in a hundred Danes had voted
  differently  Thus Prime Minister Poul Schluter
  despaired in the early hours of yesterday as he
  contemplated the political earthquake triggered
  by the result of Denmarks Maastricht referendum.
  His gloom was widely shared in other EC capitals
  as the significance of the result sank in.

70
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 4 juin 1992
• Emanuele Gazzo, rédacteur en chef de l'Agence
  Europe,
• commente les différents scénarios possibles
  après le refus du peuple danois de ratifier le
  traité de Maastricht.
• Good bye, Danemark ?
• Plusieurs scénarios, chacun avec des variantes,
  sont maintenant sur la table en vue d'explorer
  les issues possibles à la crise majeure qu'ont
  ouvert, au sein de la Communauté européenne, les
  quelques milliers de voix (sur presque quatre
  millions) qui ont fait pencher vers le "non" la
  balance du référendum par lequel les Danois
  devaient se prononcer pour ou contre la
  ratification du "Traité sur l'Union" signé à
  Maastricht le 7 février.

71
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• Libération
• le refus des Danois de ratifier le traité de
  Maastricht relance les débats sur la construction
  politique de l'Europe.
• Merci le Danemark
• Ce nest pas un proverbe danois, mais français 
  à quelque chose malheur est bon. Parfois même
  très bon  46 269 Danois, en précipitant leur
  pays hors du sillage de lUnion, viennent en
  effet de provoquer la première grande crise
  politique européenne. Pour sortir le processus de
  Maastricht de sa chrysalide cotonneuse, cette
  crise était absolument indispensable.

72
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 4 June 1992,
• Le Monde
• following the Danish refusal to ratify the
  Maastricht Treaty, the French daily newspaper
  analyses the impact that this decision will have
  on future enlargement of the European
  Communities.
• A plusieurs vitesses
• La démocratie ne dépend pas de lampleur des
  majorités. Quelques dizaines de milliers de voix
  ont suffi, au Danemark, pour que lopposition à
  la ratification des accords de Maastricht
  lemporte et cest tout lédifice communautaire
  qui est remis en cause.

73
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 2 juin 1992
• Der Spiegel
• les Danois se prononcent par référendum contre
  la ratification du traité de Maastricht.
  L'hebdomadaire allemand commente la décision du
  Danemark et analyse les répercussions du non
  danois sur le processus d'intégration
  européenne.
• Danish dynamite
• Big Bang in Denmark by voting against the
  Maastricht Treaty, the Danes scrambled the
  timetable for European Union. Is this a signal
  for other States to rise up against Brussels
  centralism and to put a halt to further
  integration? Bonn and Paris in particular are now
  pressing for the other eleven to carry on.

74
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 12 June 1992
• Die Zeit
• ten days after the referendum in Denmark on the
  Maastricht Treaty, the German weekly newspaper
  speculates on the Treaty's validity, considering
  Denmark's refusal to ratify.
• No special status in Brussels for the Danes
• All or nothing
• Only a few days after the shock from Denmark,
  hardly a trace remains of Brussels initial
  helplessness. The EC Commission has obviously
  taken to heart the motto of business as usual
  suggested by the 12 Foreign Ministers in Oslo.

75
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?

• 12 June 1992
• Die Zeit
• the German weekly newspaper analyses the
  economic and political situation in Ireland on
  the day after the referendum on the Maastricht
  Treaty.
• The Irish government is hoping for financial
  gain from Maastricht. But the people are still
  suspicious
• A main chance to save Europe?
• According to the Irish Prime Minister, Albert
  Reynolds, next January we might find that there
  is not even a Treaty. But, he says, that is not
  the case at the moment and may not be the case
  then. This prophetic statement underlies his
  decision to let the Irish decide for themselves
  about the Treaty of Maastricht on 18 June despite
  the Danish 'No'. His words sounded like those of
  a drowning man.

76
MAASTRICHT UN MOMENT ISTORIC?
Maastricht.' In 1991, the cartoonist Behrendt
sees the route leading towards Maastricht' and
the treaty on European Union as a long one,
fraught with pitfalls.
77
RAZBOI. DIN NOU.

• And now United for Europe!'
• In 1999, in response to the conflagration
• in the Balkans, the cartoonist Fritz Behrendt
  speculates
• on the real capacity for action of Javier
  Solana,
• appointed High Representative for the
• Common Foreign and Security Policy.

78
UN NOU VAL AUSTRIA

• 11 June 1994
• Die Presse
• on the eve of the referendum to be held in
  Austria on the country's accession to the
  European Union, the Vienna-based daily newspaper
  calls on the Austrian people to vote for
  accession.
• as Ja, das aus dem Bauch kommt
• Die Europäische Union ist nicht so schlecht, wie
  uns ihre scheuklappenbewehrten Gegner einreden
  wollen sie ist auch nicht so perfekt (und die
  Mitgliedschaft nicht so problemlos), wie uns die
  panzergleich vormarschierenden Ja-Enthusiasten
  weismachen.

79
UN NOU VAL FINLANDA

• 14 October 1994
• Die Zeit
• the German weekly newspaper focuses on the
  political and economic situation in Finland on
  the eve of the referendum on that country's
  accession to the Treaty on European Union.
• Not much enthusiasm
• A man is sounding the rally against Europe. His
  name is Paavo Väyrynen, and, sitting opposite him
  in Helsinkis quietly elegant Parliament, you
  would not take him for a fanatic. The Centre
  Party MP reflected soberly on endangered Finnish
  identity, on the disappointing outcome of the
  spring accession negotiations and on the dire
  straits in which farmers find themselves.

80
AL TREILEA VAL HARTILE AU DEVENIT NECESARE
81
O EUROPA FARA FRONTIERE

• 14 June 1985
• Robert Goebbels, Luxembourg Junior
• Minister for Foreign Affairs,
• signs the agreement on the gradual
• abolition of checks at the common
• borders between Belgium, France,
• the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),
• Luxembourg and the Netherlands,
• on board the cruise ship
• Princesse Marie-Astrid',
• moored at Schengen, Luxembourg.

82
O EUROPA FARA FRONTIERE

• 20 June 1990
• Le Monde
• commenting on the signing, the previous day, by
  the representatives of Belgium, France, the
  Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Luxembourg and
  the Netherlands, of the Schengen Convention which
  lays down the conditions for the application of
  and the guarantees for the implementation of the
  free movement of persons, the French daily
  newspaper considers the implications and
  constraints thereof for the signatory countries.
• LEurope sans frontières en pointillé
• En complétant laccord de Schengen cinq pays,
  dont la France, ouvrent la voie à la libre
  circulation des personnes dans la Communauté
• La Belgique, la France, le Luxembourg, les
  Pays-Bas et la RFA devaient signer mardi 19 juin
  à Schengen, au Luxembourg, la convention
  complétant laccord signé dans la même ville en
  juin 1985. Laccord de Schengen est considéré
  comme un laboratoire à cinq, de la libre
  circulation des personnes prévue, à douze, pour
  le 1er janvier 1993.

83
CORTINA DE FIER CADE. EUROPENII DESCOPERA NOI
TERITORII.

• September 1989,
• Le Monde
• the French monthly magazine diplomatique
  analyses the measures taken by the European
  Community to support the economies in transition
  in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe
  (CEECs).
• La Communauté européenne sous le choc
•  Il est impossible de réformer la pratique
  communiste existant actuellement en Union
  soviétique et en Europe de l'Est... Ce système
  doit être liquidé.  Celui qui s'exprime ainsi
  sur les ondes de la station américaine pour
  l'Europe de l'Est, Radio Free Europe (1), n'est
  pas un professionnel de l'anticommunisme, rescapé
  de la guerre froide, mais un membre du bureau
  politique du Parti socialiste ouvrier de Hongrie
  (PSOH)

84
IN FINE, ROMANII.

• 25 April 2005

85
NOI NU SUNTEM BARBARI

• 15 September 2006
• Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
• Calin Popescu-Tariceanu, Romanian Prime
  Minister, gives his views to the German daily
  newspaper on the fears expressed by the Member
  States of the European Union in the light of the
  sixth enlargement of the European Union.
• "Wir sind nicht die Barbaren vor den Toren Roms
• Der Ministerpräsident Rumäniens über den
  geplanten EU-Beitritt
• Mit dem bevorstehenden EU-Beitritt Bulgariens
  und Rumäniens wächst in den alten EU-Staaten
  wieder die Angst, von Billiglohnkräften überrannt
  zu werden. Der Ministerpräsident Rumäniens, Calin
  Popescu-Tariceanu, äußert sich zu diesen Ängsten
  und zu den Vorbereitungen seines Landes.

86
DE LA IDEALURI LA PARIURI

• 5 January
• D'Lëtzebuerger
• Land of outlines the implications of this sixth
  enlargement for the Union and for these two
  countries.
• Le pari roumano-bulgare
• Mirel Bran, Bucarest
• Ce n'était pas le big bang de 2004 lorsque dix
  nouveaux États ont rejoint le club réservé de
  l'Europe occidentale. Mais le ler janvier 2007,
  l'Union européenne a ajouté aux 457 millions
  d'Européens quelque 30 millions de Roumains et de
  Bulgares. Avec la Roumanie et la Bulgarie,
  l'Europe à 27 se ménage une ouverture sur la mer
  Noire, dans une région où les Américains ont
  l'intention d'installer des bases militaires pour
  protéger le flanc oriental de l'Otan et se
  positionner plus près du théâtre d'action du
  Moyen-Orient.

87
IN ASTEPTAREA LUI MICHAEL MOORE

• Intentiile lui Jean Monnet, in viziunea
  parlamentar britanic conservator Adrian Hilton
• "Europe's nations should be guided towards a
  super state without their people understanding
  what is happening. This can be accomplished by
  successive steps each disguised as having an
  economic purpose, but which will eventually and
  irreversibly lead to federation."

88
ROMANII, CEI MAI INCREZATORI

• Potrivit Eurobarometrului 64, desfasurat în
  toamna anului 2005, încrederea românilor în
  Uniunea Europeana, atinge cel mai inalt nivel din
  UE (64).
• CE AR TREBUI SA FACA JURNALISTII?

89
INTREBARI (RETORICE )

• IDEALISTI VERSUS TEHNOCRATI. MAI EXISTA IDEALISTI
  PRINTRE POLITICIENI?
• DAR PRINTRE JURNALISTI?
• MAI AU JURNALISTII MIZE ?
• CINE FOLOSESTE LIMBA DE LEMN? DAR METAFORELE?

90
STIRI. STIRI?!

• 24.09.2009
• Comisia simplifica procedurile administrative si
  amelioreaza protectia investitorilor în cazul
  prospectelor de oferta publica de vânzare de
  valori mobiliare
• 23.09.2009
• Comisia protejeaza mediul mai mult ca oricând
• 23.09.2009
• Comisia adopta propuneri legislative de
  consolidare a supravegherii financiare în Europa
• 22.09.2009
• Nota informativa a Curtii de Conturi Europene
  referitoare la Raportul special nr. 6/2009
• 22.09.2009
• Consumatori un raport al Comisiei critica
  tarifele bancare opace
• 18.09.2009
• Cinematografia europeana capata dimensiuni
  globale 40 de proiecte de cooperare
  cinematografica internationala beneficiaza de un
  sprijin de 5 milioane de euro din partea UE
• 17.09.2009

91

• Multumesc!
• Marian Voicu
• marian.voicu_at_tvr.ro