Middle Ages Learning Packet

1
Middle Ages Learning Packet

• Europe descended into the Dark Ages

2
Decline of Roman Cities- pg. 2

• 1a. Find four cities on the map. Which ones are
  in Europe?
• Paris and Rome
• 1b. In Asia?
• Antioch
• 1c. In Africa?
• Alexandria

3
Decline of Roman Cities- pg. 2

• 2a. Of the four cities, which one had the largest
  population in the first century A.D.?
• Rome
• 2b. Which one had the smallest population at the
  time?
• Paris

4
Decline of Roman Cities- pg. 2

• 3a. Which city had the greatest drop in
  population from the first to the seventh century?
• Rome
• 3b. About how much did the population decrease?
• 600,000

5
Decline of Roman Cities- pg. 2

• 4. How would you describe what happened to Paris
  during this time?
• Remained constant
• 5. What factors played a part in the decline of
  population?
• Barbarian invasions
• Plague

6
Decline of Roman Cities- pg. 2

• 6. How did the continuing problems of the Empire
  lead to a drastic change in the role of cities in
  life of people?
• Large government impossible- Small, local
  governments created
• Travel unsafe- people settle in one place (birth
  to death)
• Christian Church is only uniting force- Church
  leaders gain power.

7
Chapter 10 Section 1 Graphic Organizer
TODAY IS CALLED FRANCE
CHRISTIAN
MEROVINGIANS
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
KING CLOVIS
8
DEFEATED THE MOORS
MAYOR OF THE PALACE
PEPINS FATHER
CHARLES MARTEL
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
9
FRANKISH KING
DONATION OF PEPIN
HELPS CHURCH AND FRANKS
GAVE LAND TO THE POPE
PEPIN THE SHORT
CATHOLIC ALLY
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
CHARLEMAGNES FATHER
10
CONTROLLED WESTERN EUROPE
POPE GIVES HIM A TITLE
CHARLEMAGNE
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
EMPEROR OF THE ROMANS
EMPIRE RULED BY COUNTS
HE THREATENED NON-CHRISTIANS
CITIZENS HAD TO SERVE IN THE ARMY
11
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
FRANKISH DECLINE
CHARLEMAGNES SONS DIVIDE THE EMPIRE
VIKING INVADERS
MUSLIM INVASIONS
SLAVIC INVADERS
12
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
VIKINGS
FROM SCANDINAVIA
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
CLIMATE CHANGE 800S AD
FORCED TO MOVE SOUTH
MUCH COOLER
FOOD SHORTAGE
13
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
VIKINGS
MIGRATIONS
NORTH AMERICA
SOUTHERN EUROPE
FRANCE
NORMANDY
DIDNT KEEP RECORDS
14
BELIEF IN THE AFTERLIFE
GOD-HEROES
CULTURE
VIKINGS
TERRIFIED EUROPEANS
FRANKISH RULE IN WESTERN EUROPE
15
The Development of Feudalism- pg. 4
Rome fell in 476 as a result of invasion by the
Germanic tribes.
Central government broke down and trade was
disrupted.
16
The Development of Feudalism
Cities were abandoned and population centers
shifted to rural areas.
Christianity remained a major unifying force
throughout most of Western Europe.
17
The Development of Feudalism
The lack of centralized government created a need
for a new social order.
Ties of personal loyalty and family bound
Germanic peoples together.
18
The Development of Feudalism
Common needs for economic self-sufficiency and
local protection led to a pattern based on land
ownership.
The manor became the main economic unit. Church
leaders helped to integrate community life.
19
The Development of Feudalism
The feudal system developed with a king at the
top and mutual duties linking local lords,
vassals, and peasants.
The manor became the main economic unit. Church
leaders helped to integrate community life.
20
Chapter 10 Section 2 Graphic Organizer- page 5
AN ABSENCE OF A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
WHY DID IT EXIST?
POLITICAL SYSTEM RULED BY KINGS AND NOBLES
WHAT WAS IT?
FEUDALISM
MEDIEVAL LIFE
21
FIEFS
PEOPLE WHO HELD LAND IN RETURN FOR SERVICES
LAND GRANTS WERE CALLED
PEOPLE WHO GRANTED LAND TO OTHERS
WHO WERE VASSALS?
WHO WERE LORDS?
FEUDALISM
MEDIEVAL LIFE
22
COULD ONLY OWN PROPERTY IF THEIR HUSBAND DIED
DID WOMEN HAVE ANY RIGHTS?
FEUDALISM
MEDIEVAL LIFE
23
FOUGHT BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS
FOUGHT BY KNIGHTS
WHAT WERE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEUDAL WARS?
FEUDALISM
MEDIEVAL LIFE
CONTROLLED BY CHURCH DECREES
24
MEDIEVAL LIFE
MANOR SYSTEM
WHAT WAS IT?
ECONOMIC SYSTEM DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
WHY WERE THEY SELF-SUFFICIENT?
THEY PRODUCED EVERYTHING THEY NEEDED
WHY WERE FIELDS LEFT FALLOW?
TO HELP THE SOIL REGAIN NUTRIENTS
25
MEDIEVAL LIFE
PEOPLE BOUND TO THE LAND
WHO WERE SERFS?
PEASANT LIFE
WHAT WAS THE AVERAGE LIFESPAN?
40 YEARS
HOW WAS SOCIAL CLASS DETERMINED?
BY THEIR MOTHER
26
MEDIEVAL LIFE
LIFE OF THE NOBILITY
WHAT WERE MOST CASTLES MADE OF?
WHAT WERE TOURNAMENTS?
WHAT WAS A KEEP?
MOCK BATTLES BETWEEN LORDS AND VASSALS
MAIN PART OF A CASTLE
EARTH AND WOOD
27
MEDIEVAL LIFE
HOW WERE TRICKS AND STRATAGIES VIEWED?
CHIVALRY
WHAT IS IT?
AS COWARDLY ACTIONS
A KNIGHTS CODE OF CONDUCT
WHAT IS A PAGE?
WHAT IS A SQUIRE?
KNIGHTS ATTENDANTS
KNIGHTS ASSISTANTS
28
Todays Assignment- pages 6-10 in your packet.
STOP

• Chapters 9-10 Test Monday, 11/22
• Black Death Project due Monday, 11/22

29
Chapter 10 Section 3- The Church had many roles
in the Middle Ages- pg. 11
Cause Everyone lives on manors
Effect Church acts as government
30
The Curia were cardinals that advised the Pope.
Pope
Archbishops- managed dioceses.
Bishops- managed a number of parishes (dioceses)
selected by kings.
Priests- performed sacraments, little formal
education and came from the peasant class.
31
Rising in the Christian Church was the easiest
way for a commoner to improve their social
status. Example Callistus I was a slave who
became a pope.
Monks and Nuns lived under Benedictine Rule-
where they withdrew from the world to avoid
temptations and to serve God through prayer,
fasting and self-denial.
32
The Christian missionary, St. Patrick created
churches throughout Ireland making it the center
of Christian culture in Europe from 500-800.
Around the year 600, St. Augustine made
Canterbury the center of the Christian Church in
England.
33
The Christian church recruited the most
intelligent people to become members of the
clergy.
During the Middle Ages all books had to be copied
by hand, this job was done primarily by monks.
34
The Church was the most powerful organization in
Western Europe. Canon law stated that people
should obey laws unless they contradicted with
church law.
When a region disobeyed the church, an Interdict
was the churches way to punish an entire region,
and sacraments were not given to anyone in that
region.
35
The church had the power to tax, and parish
priests were responsible for collecting a tithe
or 1/10 of a persons income.
The church believed the family was a sacred
institution and divorce was forbidden. The church
also provided charity by creating hospitals,
orphanages, and poorhouses.
36
Lay investiture occurred when nobles rewarded
their friends or relatives as bishops or abbots.
Clergy members were usually more interested in
wealth than holiness.
37
The ultimate sin in Christianity was heresy.
They were people who questioned the principles of
the Christian Church.
Church reformers tried to change the Christian
church. St. Dominic founded the Dominicans in
1216. They wanted to search for heretics. The
Inquisition was an event where accused heretics
were tried in secret and tortured in order to
force a confession.
38

• Magna Carta- 1215- location Windsor, England
• Created a Great Council.
• They had to approve all Taxes.
• King could not take property with out for It.
• No refusal or delay of justice.
• Trial by jury of Ones peers.
• The king had to obey all laws.
• Rights of citizens used later in the U.S.

39

• Common Law- location England
• Punishment based on a judges decision
• Royal courts become more powerful than
• Church courts.
• Becomes the basis of the Justice System
• In the U.S.

40

• Parliament- location London, England
• Knights and Burgesses became members
• Of the Great Council.
• Upper House- House of Lords
• Lower House- House of Commons
• Bicameral legislature later found in U.S.

41

• History of England-location- British Isles
• Angles and Saxsons invaded Britain
• Around 450
• Land of the Angles England
• The warrior king Alfred the Great
• Prevented Viking invasions
• In 1066, William the Conqueror brought
• Feudalism to England
• He also created the Doomsday Book
• Which kept a census

42

• Capetian Kings 987-1328- location France
• Developed a strong central government
• Able to increase tax revenues
• Used military to gain new territories

43

• Holy Roman Empire location Italy and Germany
• Otto the Great creates the empire in 962
• Holy Roman Emperors have close ties to the Pope
• Concordat of Worms give the popes more power
• Frederick I defeated by Italian city-states
• Innocent III was the most powerful pope
• He also tried to settle disputes between kings.

44
Chapter 10 Section 5 Graphic Organizer
Control parts of Italy
Otto the Great
Charlemagnes heirs, the pope, Byzantines, and
Muslims
He controlled Germany and Northern Italy
Popes and Emperors clash over control of Italy
and Germany
45
Founded by Otto
Starts an 800 year alliance between ITALY AND
GERMANY
Popes and Emperors clash over control of Italy
and Germany
Holy Roman Empire
46
POPE GREGORY VII versus HENRY IV
Popes and Emperors clash over control of Italy
and Germany
Controversy of Lay Investiture
Settled by the Controdat of Worms
Allows nobles to grant land to church leaders
47
Popes and Emperors clash over control of Italy
and Germany
Germany
Ruler Frederick I
Looked to control wealthy Italian cities
Failed to control Italian city governments
Cities ask the Pope for assistance
Pope and Lombard cities BEAT FREDERICK
48
Italy and Germany become fragmented
His rule results in
Popes and Emperors clash over control of Italy
and Germany
Innocent III
Pope at the height of the Catholic Church
He was a pope who wanted to settle all
Religious Problems
Kings from Italy, England, and Germany
Political Problems
Disagree with him
49
Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights
Magna Carta
1. Gave rights to all free men. (usually
nobles)
1st- Freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, and petition given to all citizens.
9th- All rights are not listed.
On personal freedom
50
Bill of Rights
Magna Carta
7,8- Women could own property, can receive a
dowery and inheritance. To remarry they must
have the lords permission.
Nothing. .
On Womens Rights
51
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
On trade
13. Freedom of trade by land and water
Nothing. .
52
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
On Bail
28-31-- Bailiffs can not take property without
the owners permission.
8th--No excessive bail. .
53
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
On punishment
38-- No false accusations. Must have creditable
witnesses.
8th-- No cruel and unusual punishment. .
54
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
On justice
39-40-- No action without lawful judgment of his
peers. Justice can not be denied.
6th-- Speedy trial, impartial jury, must give
cause of accusation, and can receive defense
assistance.
55
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
61-- Barons shall protect the citizens peace and
liberties.
On protection of its citizens
2nd-- Militias shall protect the security of a
free state.
56
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
On personal property
60-- Everyone will enjoy all customs and
liberties.
3rd-- No soldiers in homes without permission.
4th-- No unreasonable search or seizures
57
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
Which civilization
England
United States
58
Bill of Rights
Magna Carta
Date
June 15, 1215
December 15, 1791
59
Magna Carta
Bill of Rights
Primary
Primary
Type of Source
60
Todays Assignment- Magna Carta Comic Strip due
next class period.
STOP

• Chapters 9-10 Test Monday, 11/22
• Black Death Project due Monday, 11/22

61
Europe in the Middle Ages- page 17
CRUSADES
FARMING
Although the First Crusade captured Jerusalem,
later Crusades accomplished very little
Better farming methods such as the Three-field
system and the use of plows made it possible for
farmers to grow more food. This brought a
population increase in the Middle Ages
EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
62
EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
TRADE AND TOWNS
As people moved from manors into cities, trade
expanded and guilds formed for both merchants and
artisans.
HUNDRED YEARS WAR
GOVERNMENT
The Hundred Years War further weakened church
power. The crossbow doomed armored knights.
France and England developed strong central
governments in which arose the first stirrings of
democracy in medieval Europe. This can be seen
in Parliament and the Estates General
63
EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
THE BUBONIC PLAGUE
The Black Plague killed 25 million and weakened
the European economy.
LEARNING
Europes first universities developed in the
Middle Ages. Interest in learning grew as a
result of the rediscovery of Classical literature.
64
THE CHURCH
The great medieval cathedrals that soared
heavenward were symbols of the Catholic power
Yet this power did not go unnoticed. For
decades, Christians and non-Christians engaged in
power struggles.
EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
65
Crusades Graphic Organizer- Page 18
THEY PERSECUTED CHRISTIANS
JESUS BIRTHPLACE
CONTROLLED BY SELJUK TURKS (MUSLIMS)
THE CRUSADES
CHRISTIAN HOMELAND
66
PROMISED CRUSADERS HEAVENLY AND EARTHLY REWARDS
CALLED FOR A WAR AGAINST UNBELIEVERS
POPE URBAN II
THE CRUSADES
67
If we had lived back then
Come on guys lets take our land back from those
Muslims!
Pope
68
MERCHANTS SAW A CHANCE TO MAKE MONEY
KNIGHTS COULD STEAL FROM THE WEALTHY
THE CRUSADES
APPEAL OF CRUSADES
CRIMINALS HAD THEIR PUNISHMENT RELIEVED
ORDINARY PEOPLE HAD THEIR FAMILIES PROTECTED BY
THE CHURCH
69
THE CRUSADES
MAIN PROBLEMS WERE HEAT EXAUSTION, FOOD WATER
SHORTAGES
FIRST CRUSADE
CAPTURED THE CITY OF JERUSALEM
RECAPTURED BY TURKS 100 YRS. LATER
70
THE CRUSADES
SECOND CRUSADE
KING LOUIS VII (FRANCE) AND CONRAD III (HOLY
ROMAN EMPIRE) BEGAN IN 1147 BUT TURNED BACK AND
RETURNED IN DISGRACE
71
THE CRUSADES
THIRD CRUSADE
ALSO CALLED THE CRUSADE OF THE 3 KINGS
KING FREDRICK BARBOSA (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE)
ON THE WAY HE DROWNED
72
THE CRUSADES
FOURTH CRUSADE
INNOCENT III CONVINCED KNIGHTS TO FIGHT
CHRISTIAN CITIES WERE ATTACKED BY CHRISTIAN
KNIGHTS
73
If we had lived back then
THE POPE SENT THESE GUYS TO BEAT UP MUSLIMS NOT
US! WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
BOY THESE GUYS ARE SURPRISED WE ARE ATTACKING
THEM!
74
THE CRUSADES
CHILDRENS CRUSADE
THEY WERE TRICKED AND SOLD INTO SLAVERY
75
DO I HEAR 50 GOLD PIECES?
If we had lived back then
BOY THIS WAS THE EASIEST MONEY IVE EVER MADE
I REALLY THOUGHT WE COULD DO BETTER THAN OUR
PARENTS!
76
EUROPEANS LEARN OF THE CROSSBOW, CATAPULTS, AND
GUNPOWDER
MUSLIMS RECAPTURE JERUSALEM
THE CRUSADES
RESULTS
INCREASED THE POWER OF KINGS
CHRISTIAN CHURCH ASSUMES MORE POWER
DECREASED THE POWER OF FEUDAL LORDS
ITALIAN CITIES PROFITED FROM CRUSADES
WOMENS RIGHTS INCREASED
77
European Towns and Trade in the Late Middle Ages-
page 19
Weekly market days and religious festivals were
where most TRADING took place.
Fairs were sponsored by feudal lords who profited
by TAXING all items bought and sold.
78
BARTER ECONOMY did not work at these fairs, most
goods were sold at prices determined by an
exchange medium COINS
3 most important developments in the revival of
European trade were 1.
Manufacturing system 2.
Banking system 3. Practice of investing
capital
79
Manufacturing resulted from trade, the method of
production during the Middle Ages was the
DOMESTIC system where manufacturing took place
in the workers homes.
BANKS spread as borrowing money became common for
kings and nobles. JEWS became bankers because
the Christian church forbade usury (CHARGING
INTEREST)
80
CAPITAL is wealth earned, saved, and invested in
order to produce products. MARKET ECONOMY is
when land, labor, and capital are controlled by
individuals. Basis of U.S. Capitalist system.

• Types of Economies
• Traditional- Economic activities are based on
  customhow things have been done for many
  generations.
• Market- Individuals own the factors of
  production. Economic decisions are made through
  supply and demand.
• Command- Government controls the factors of
  production and makes most decisions about their
  use. Sometimes it is called a controlled or
  centrally directed system.
• Mixed-Economic activities are based on some
  characteristics of a command system and some
  characteristics of a market system.

81
BALTIC REGION demanded goods furs timbers
fish grain
ASIAN demanded goods silk
cotton linen gold
silver ivory
ENGLAND FRANCE demanded goods
cloth wine
High demand existed for ASIAN goods.
FLANDERS
SPAIN demanded goods
wine oil leather
weapons armor
VENICE traded glassware
ITALY BECOMES- center of trade
82
Todays Assignment- pages 20-22 of your packet.
STOP

• Chapters 9-10 Test Monday, 11/22
• Black Death Project due Monday, 11/22

83
Growth of the Middle Class 1000-1500 Page 23 of
your packet
1100s
Workers form guilds that control wages and prices
in each craft. Burgess win right to govern towns
and exemption from feudal obligations to local
lords.
1000-1100
Growth of towns and trade leads to the appearance
of a new middle class called Burgess, consisting
of merchants and craftsmen.
84
Growth of the Middle Class 1000-1500
1302
1213-1295
In France, the middle class, or commoners become
known as the Third Estate. Their participation
in a council called the Estates-General helps
increase the power of the king over the nobility.
In England, the Magna Carta guarantees basic
political rights. Burgess and knights serve in
the model Parliament. Later the two groups from
a separate assembly called the House of Commons.
85
Growth of the Middle Class 1000-1500
1400s
1300s
After the Hundred Years War, the English and
French monarchs repeatedly call upon the middle
classes in the Parliament and the Estates-General
to help them rule.
During the Hundred Years War, the use of
longbows and canons reduces the military
effectiveness of armored knights in combat.
Local lords begin to lose political power to the
monarchy.
86
Patriotic feelings spread throughout Western
Europe- p. 24
87
Patriotic feelings spread throughout Western
Europe
88
Patriotic feelings spread throughout Western
Europe
89
Patriotic feelings spread throughout Western
Europe
90
Chapter 10- The Power of the Church was
challenged- p. 25

• Reasons for Church Decline
• Kings became strong and wealthy.
• People began to question the churchs wealth and
  morality.

91
The power of the church was challenged

• Bonaface VIII versus Philip IV
• Philip, king of France, wanted clergy to pay
  taxes.
• His envoy held the pope as a prisoner.

92
The power of the church was challenged

• Babylonian Captivity
• Philip elected the new pope and moved the
  churchs headquarters from Rome to Avignon in
  France (1309-1377)

93
The power of the church was challenged

• The Great Schism
• French and Italian popes (1378-1417) results in
  both popes being disposed and a new pope was
  elected.

94
The power of the church was challenged

• John Wycliffes Criticism
• Argued that the church was much too wealthy.
• Declared a heretic and was killed for his actions.

95
The power of the church was challenged

• John Huss criticism
• Argued that the church abused its powerful
  position.
• Declared a heretic and was killed for his
  actions.

96
Chapters 9-10 Review 1.
Cultural Diffusion

• Monarchies- They were strengthened by new taxes
  and armies recruited during Crusades.
• Commerce- Trade increases, especially luxury
  items, leads to a new importance and power for
  Italian cities.
• Technology- New classical texts enter Europe and
  foster a revival in learning and education.

97
Chapters 9-10 Review 2.
Innovation

• a. Commerce- More trade and the rise of trade
  fairs lead to an increase in the importance of
  towns and their guilds, banks start opening.
• b. Learning- Universities open and scholasticism
  increases.
• c. Arts- Vernacular languages begin (English) and
  architectural devices (Flying buttresses)

98
Chapters 9-10 Review 3.
Conflict

• French monarchy- After the 100 years war, they
  gain power. France is united and strong when
  Burgundy is defeated.
• English monarchy- Initially the 100 years war
  leads to an increase in English power, but the
  War of the Roses results in conflict
• Church- Its authority is weakened by conflict
  in papal rule, corruption, and important
  questions raised by reformers (Wycliffe Huss)

99
Todays Assignment- pages 26 through 28 of your
packet.
STOP

• Chapters 9-10 Test Monday
• Study session Friday _at_ 740 A.M. or 245 P.M.
• Black Death Project due Monday