Ancient Greece Learning Packet

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Ancient Greece Learning Packet

• The Rise of Ancient Greece

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Greek Geography Highlights- page 2

• Mediterranean Sea- allowed Greece to trade with
  the Eastern Mediterranean.
• Aegean Sea- separates the Balkan Peninsula from
  Asia Minor.

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Greek Geography Highlights II

• Balkan Peninsula- consists of many small
  peninsulas that form the mainland of Greece.
• Small islands of the Aegean Sea- were considered
  part of Greece.

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Greek Geography Highlights III

• Short Mountain Ranges- separated communities and
  prevented them from developing a sense of
  community.
• No important rivers- like Egypt and Mesopotamia.
• Mild climate, enough good soil, and sufficient
  rainfall.

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Key ideas about Greek Geography

• Because of the climate- The Greeks grew grapes,
  olives, and grains in the small valleys and
  foothills of the mountains.
• Greeks were unable to grow enough food for a
  growing population- and were forced to trade for
  their food.

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Key ideas II

• The invention of coined money in the 500s B.C.-
  stimulated trade and made it easier to buy and
  sell goods.

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Key ideas III

• The long, irregular coastline- allowed every part
  of the mainland to be close to the sea with many
  good harbors.
• Greeks traded throughout the Mediterranean- with
  Egyptians and the Fertile Crescent.

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Chapter 4 Section 1 Flowchart- page 3
With Fertile Crescent
With the Egyptians
Balkan Peninsula
Trade flourishes
Separate Communities
Coined Money
Mediterranean Sea
Mountain Ranges
Ancient Greece
Geography
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Ancient Greece
Geography
Agriculture
Grapes, Olives, Grains
Forced to trade for food
Long, irregular coastline
Good harbors
Close to the sea
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Island of Crete
Capital Knossos
Mainly sailors
Minos- legendary king
Woman equality
Powerful Navy
Minoans
Destroyed by
Ancient Greece
First Civilizations
Volcanic explosion in 1500 B.C.
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First Civilizations
Polis
Acropolis
Dorians
Mycenaean
Athens and Sparta
Illiterate
Fortified Cities
Greeces Dark Age
Peloponnesos
Agora
Chera
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Chapter 4 Section 2 Flowchart- page 4
Age of Kings
Greek government and society
Age of Tyrants
Social Structure
Greek Religion
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The Iliad about the Trojan War
Homer
Epics
Blind poet
The Odyssey about Mycenaean Life
Long poems about heroes and events
Monarchy
Type of government
Age of Kings
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Tyrants promised people protection in exchange
for power
Age of Tyrants
They held absolute power
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Greek religion
Influenced by
Humanlike with strengths and weaknesses
Greek gods
Purpose was to
Egyptians
Persians
Explain things in the world around them
Worshipped in ceremonies (Olympics)
Were spoken to in oracles through priests
Hebrews
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Believed they descended from Helen of Troy
Spoke the same language
Nobles owned most land
Greeks united because
Social Structure
Popular government created- Democracy
Mountains and valleys
Greeks separated because
Merchants made money by trading with Greek
colonies
Aristocracy were nobles that controlled
city-states
Spirit of independence
Each city-state had its own culture
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Todays Assignment- page 6 of your packet due
next class period.
STOP
Ancient Greece Test A-Days- next Thursday,
B-Days- next Friday
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Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4- page 7
ATHENS Founded Democracy (direct) Were Sea
Traders Foreigners- couldnt vote Slaves/Women
couldnt vote Wealthy- cities paid Athens for
protection. Strong leadership- Pericles attracted
artists/philosophers Developed court system Huge
Developments in Art/Architecture Philosophy (1st
) Pythagorean Theorum Hippocratic Oath History
(1st ) Drama (1st ) Rhetoric (1st)

• SPARTA
• Warlike people
• Lived in Peloponnesus
• Took land for the Dorians
• Helots were farmers
• Govt control- Ephors
• (Oligarchy)
• Unhealthy babies killed
• 7 yr. Old boys Military
• Military service 20-60
• No advancements
• 3 Social Classes
• Dorians- Citizens
• Neighbors
• Helots

• City-State (Polis)
• Extreme hatred for one another
• Participated in the Olympic Games
• Agora
• Acropolis

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Illustration 1- The Greek City-State

• Greece was never united because of geography,
  _________________ and _______________ created
  barriers between city states. The most important
  democracy appeared in ___________ where laws were
  passed by elected officials and assemblies of
  _________. Most assemblies met _______ and spoke
  freely, showing pride in their __________________
  and independence.

mountains
coastlines
Athens
citizens
in public places
Page 8
freedom
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Illustration 2- Greek Warfare

• __________contributed to the beginning of Greek
  democracy. Many lower class men would join
  __________ units to gain power and more say as
  _________________.

Warfare
hoplite
citizens
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Illustration 3- Greek Democracy?

• Greek Democracy
• Direct Democracy- ____ ___________________________
  _________________________________
• Representative Democracy- ________________________
  ____________________________________

Had slavery- couldnt vote.
Women couldnt vote.
Had to be an adult to vote.
13th-15th Amendment- slavery
19th Amendment- women suffrage
26th Amendment- age 18 to vote.
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Chapter 4 Section 5 Graphic Organizer- page 9
Greek civilization is defended and expands
Age of Pericles
Greatest Athenian ruler
All citizens could hold public office
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Outnumbered Athenian army drives out Persians
Darius son Xerxes makes a 2nd attempt
Xerxes army of 200,000 defeats Spartans
Persian ruler, Darius invades Greek mainland
Persian Wars
Xerxes army crushed by Athenian navy in the
Strait of Salamis
Greek civilization is defended and expands
Persians invade Greek city-states in Asia Minor
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Greek civilization is defended and expands
Series of battles between Greek city-states
Peloponnesian War
Plague kills Pericles and Athens surrenders in
404 B.C.
Athens under siege by Spartan army
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Greek Unity v. Disunity

• Unity
• Spartans opposed Greek unity.
• Delian League united 140 city-states.
• Every city contributed ships or money.

• Greek Disunity
• Sparta in control after Peloponnesian War.
• Thebes replaces Sparta as a major power.
• Tyranny is dominant following these wars.

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Four Main Characteristics of Greek Art- page 10

• Expressed harmony, balance, and order
• Glorified humans
• Symbolized pride of the people
• Is beautiful and useful

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Greatest Example of Greek Art

• The Parthenon
• Is located in Athens
• Built during Greeces Golden Age
• Defining feature is its columns

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The Parthenon continued

• Sculptures inside and outside worshipped the
  Greek Goddess Athena
• Sculptures were also built to honor other Greek
  Gods

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Greek Gods and Goddesses continued

• Greek goddess of victory was Nike
• Most monuments were built in the highest point in
  the town, the Acropolis
• Why? To be closer to the Gods

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Greek developments is Science, History, and
Drama- page 10 (bottom)

• During Greeces Golden Age reforms and new
  developments that are still used today were
  developed. In the boxes below you can see the
  accomplishments of some great Greek reformers and
  historians.

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Greek Reformers

• Reformers Name Pythagorean
• Major Accomplishment Developed the Pythagorean
  theorem (a2 b2 c2)

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Reformers continued

• Reformers Name Democritius
• Major Achievement Developed the idea that Atoms
  compose all matter.

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More Reformers

• Reformers Name Hippocrates
• Made several developments in Medicine. Created
  the Hippocratic Oath (for doctors)

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Greek Historians

• Historians Name Herodotus
• Major Accomplishment Known as the Father of
  History

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Another Greek Historian

• Historians Name Thucydides
• Major Accomplishment Wrote the history of the
  Peloponnesian War.

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Important Definition page 11 (top)

• Greek Drama were plays containing action or
  dialogue that involves conflict and emotion.
• Greeks always enjoyed a good Play. They had
  several developments in Greek drama including

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Types of Greek Drama

• Tragedy is a play that deals with a struggle
  against fate.
• Comedies is a play that mocks ideas and people.

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What is Philosophy? Page 11 (middle)

• Study of the most fundamental questions of
  reality and human existence.
• Another note about Greek Philosophy Is the most
  dominant contribution to Western Civilization.
• Philosopher is a lover of wisdom. The Three most
  important philosophers came from Greece.

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Greek Philosophers

• Socrates beliefs
• People should think for themselves and acquire
  wisdom by questioning.
• Ignorance leads to evil.
• Socratic method- question to find answer.
• No writings- we know about him through Platos
  works.
• Put to death for his actions.

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Platos beliefs (student of Socrates)

• Wrote dialogues about education, temperance,
  beauty, religion, and other subjects of interest
  to philosophers.
• The Republic- Platos major political work
  concerning the question of justice.
• Ideal government is an aristocracy- a government
  ruled by the upper class- not of wealth, but
  education and intelligence

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Aristotles beliefs (student of Plato)

• Poetics- the Study of Greek Drama.
• Developed the basics of Logic.
• The best government should have a powerful
  leader, aristocratic advisors, and a democratic
  assembly.
• Developed Ethics- study of right and wrong.

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Todays Assignment- pages 12-14 of your packet
STOP
Ancient Greece Test- (A-Days) Thursday,
(B-Days) Friday
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Alexander the Great- page 15

• Civilization that unites Greece- Macedonia- a
  mountainous area north of Greece.
• Ruled by Philip of Macedon- a military leader.

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Philip of Macedons Achievements

• Soldiers that were trained and equipped to fight
  on foot was an idea developed by Philip-
  Infantry.
• Organized into Phalanx which had 16 rows of
  tightly spaced soldiers equipped with lances 21
  feet long.

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Philip helped spread Greek and Persian Cultures

• Hellenistic culture- an idea that connect Eastern
  and Western cultures and blend the best features
  of Greek and Persian cultures into one culture.
• Thebes and Athens defeated at the Battle of
  Chaeronea in 338 BC

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Philip of Macedons Death

• Philip is assassinated in 336 B.C.
• Alexander the Great replaces his father as king.
• Was educated by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.

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Alexanders Rise to Power

• Married the Persian princess Roxana.
• Conquered Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt,
  Mesopotamia, and the Persian Empire.

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Alexanders Empire

• Established an eastern border along the Indus
  River in India.
• Built the Great Egyptian city of Alexandria.
• Retreated back to Babylon.

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Fall of Alexander

• Alexander died of malaria at age 33, his army
  generals then murdered his family.
• His empire was divided into 3 parts.
• Macedonia
• Egypt
• Syria

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Elements of Greek Culture before and after
Alexander page 16
HELLENISTIC GREECE
CLASSICAL GREECE

• BALKAN
• PENINSULA ONLY
• DEMOCRACY-
• ATHENS
• OLIGARCHY-
• SPARTA
• GLORIFIED
• HUMAN FORM
• IN ART
• INDEPENDENT
• CITY-STATES

• EMPIRE STRTCHED FROM
• MEDITERRANEAN
• TO INDIA
• ALEXANDER IS
• A GOD KING
• (MONARCHY)
• ALEXS LEADERS
• LEFT BEHIND IN
• MANY CITIES
• COMBINATION OF
• GREEK, PERSIAN,
• EGYPTIAN, INDIAN
• CULTURES
• INCREASED TRADE
• UNDER ALEX

BOTH

• GREEK LANGUAGE
• GREEK GODS AND GODESSESS
• OLYMPIC GAMES
• SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
• DRAMA

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Greek Culture

• Early Greek civilizations produced a golden age
  of new innovations in art, philosophy, science,
  theatre, and government that eventually became
  the core of Western Civilization.

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Alexanders Influence

• Alexander the Greats empire later spread this
  culture to Three continents. But the process of
  blending diverse elements from individual parts
  of the Hellenistic world changed Greek culture.

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Hellenistic Culture- page 17

• Alexander turned back from conquering India
• Cause Running low on supplies, his troops
  refused to go further east--threatening mutiny.

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More Hellenistic Culture

• Alexander encouraged Greeks to settle in all
  parts of his empire
• Cause Alexander wanted to spread Greek laws,
  art, architecture, and literature throughout his
  empire.

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Alexander the Greats Empire left lasting
impressions on many parts of the world including

• The Mediterranean World (Greece, Asia Minor,
  Syria)
• Nile Valley (Egypt)
• Middle East (Mesopotamia)
• India (Indus River Valley)

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Spread of Hellenistic Culture- middle of page 17

• This helped spread Greek Hellenistic culture to
  these regions. The most important developments
  of Hellenistic culture included advances in
  Philosophy and Science. However, writers made
  lasting impressions that influence Western
  Civilization (Europe, Northern Africa, and the
  Middle East)

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Economic classes of Hellenistic Greece

• Very few wealthy aristocrats
• An expanding middle class had opportunities to
  make money, usually through trade.
• Poor free laborers did most of the work for the
  aristocrats.
• Slaves still existed and had no rights.

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Key ideas

• Trading became a dominant force in Hellenistic
  society, connecting the Mediterranean World to
  India this helped Hellenistic Culture spread.
• Largest city in the world Alexandria, built by
  Alexander the Great in Egypt, had a population of
  over one million.

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Hellenistic Philosophers- pg. 18

• School of Philosophy- Cynics
• Founder- Diogenes
• Beliefs- All people should seek virtue hated
  pleasure and wealth.

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Hellenistic Philosophers again

• School of Philosophy- Epicureanism
• Founder- Epicurius
• Beliefs- People should seek pleasure (eat, drink,
  and be merry)

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Another Hellenistic Philosopher

• School of Philosophy- Stoicism
• Founder- Zeno
• Beliefs- People should accept what nature has to
  offer and show little emotion.

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Mathematics and Physics- middle of page 18

• Euclid- developed many theorems used in Geometry
  today.
• Archimedes- calculated the value of pi.
• Aristarchus- developed the idea that the earth
  traveled around the sun.

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Mathematics and Physics continued

• Hipparchus- used trigonometry and calculus to
  determine the time of eclipses.
• Erastosthanes- calculated the earths diameter.

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Fall of Greek city-states

• Greek city-states lost their independence.
• Cause city-states, except Sparta came under
  Macedonian rule when they were defeated at the
  Battle of Chaeronea.

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Alexanders Rise to Power

• Alexander became king of Macedon at age 20.
• Cause His father was assassinated, and his
  rivals for the throne were killed.

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Alexanders Conquests

• Alexander destroyed the city of Thebes and sold
  its citizens into slavery.
• Cause Thebes had rebelled against Alexander
  while he was away fighting and wished to punish
  the city of Thebes as an example for the rest of
  Greece.

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The Legacy of Greece- page 19

• Ancient Greece was a small country with limited
  natural resources. Although its military might
  also was limited compared to later empires, the
  people of the Greek city-states produced epic
  poetry, distinctive art forms, architecture,
  philosophy, science, and ideas about government
  that continue to influence the way people think,
  live, and govern themselves today.

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Greek Civilization Government

• Kings and Tyrants wear out their welcome (abusing
  power)
• Athens- Direct Democracy citizens rule by
  majority vote. (only adult, landowning male
  citizens could vote)
• Sparta- militaristic oligarchy (rule by few)
• Athens-Trial by jury.
• .

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Greek Civilization Arts

• Poetry (Homers epics)
• Centered in Athens (rich and powerful after
  victories in the Persian Wars, cities paid Athens
  for protection, promoted by Pericles)
• Sculpture portraying ideals of beauty
• Drama (comedies and tragedies)
• Classical architecture like the Parthenon

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Greek Civilization Culture

• Trade- early on for food, increased by Alex
• Greek language
• Olympic Games
• Philosophers (Athens big three)
• Herodotus- History
• Spread by Alex

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Greek Science and Technology

• Hippocrates- Medicine
• Democritus- Atoms
• Accurate estimate of the circumference of the
  earth.

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Todays Assignment- Alexander Web Activity
e-mailed to me by next class period.
STOP
Ancient Greece Test next class period.