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Ancient Greece Learning Packet

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Title: Ancient Greece Learning Packet


1
Ancient Greece Learning Packet
  • The Rise of Ancient Greece

2
Greek Geography Highlights- page 2
  • Mediterranean Sea- allowed Greece to trade with
    the Eastern Mediterranean.
  • Aegean Sea- separates the Balkan Peninsula from
    Asia Minor.

3
Greek Geography Highlights II
  • Balkan Peninsula- consists of many small
    peninsulas that form the mainland of Greece.
  • Small islands of the Aegean Sea- were considered
    part of Greece.

4
Greek Geography Highlights III
  • Small Mountain Ranges- separated communities and
    prevented them from developing a sense of
    community.
  • No important rivers- like Egypt and Mesopotamia.
  • Mild climate, enough good soil, and sufficient
    rainfall.

5
Key ideas about Greek Geography
  • Because of the climate- The Greeks grew grapes,
    olives, and grains in the small valleys and
    foothills of the mountains.
  • Greeks were unable to grow enough food for a
    growing population- and were forced to trade for
    their food.

6
Key ideas II
  • The invention of coined money in the 500s B.C.-
    stimulated trade and made it easier to buy and
    sell goods.

7
Key ideas III
  • The long, irregular coastline- allowed every part
    of the mainland to be close to the sea with many
    good harbors.
  • Greeks traded throughout the Mediterranean- with
    Egyptians and the Fertile Crescent.

8
Chapter 4 Section 1 Flowchart- page 3
With Fertile Crescent
With the Egyptians
Balkan Peninsula
Trade flourishes
Separate Communities
Coined Money
Mediterranean Sea
Mountain Ranges
Ancient Greece
Geography
9
Ancient Greece
Geography
Agriculture
Grapes, Olives, Grains
Forced to trade for food
Long, irregular coastline
Good harbors
Close to the sea
10
Island of Crete
Capital Knossos
Mainly sailors
Minos- legendary king
Woman equality
Powerful Navy
Minoans
Destroyed by
Ancient Greece
First Civilizations
Volcanic explosion in 1500 B.C. (tidal wave)
11
First Civilizations
Polis
Acropolis (highest area of city)
Dorians
Mycenaean
Athens and Sparta
Illiterate
Fortified Cities
Greeces Dark Age
Peloponnesus (southern Greece)
Agora (marketplace)
Chora (land outside city walls)
12
Chapter 4 Section 2 Flowchart- page 4
Age of Kings
Greek government and society
Age of Tyrants
Social Structure
Greek Religion
13
The Iliad about the Trojan War
Homer
Epics
Blind poet
The Odyssey about Mycenaean Life
Long poems about heroes and events
Monarchy
Type of government
Age of Kings
14
Tyrants promised people protection in exchange
for power
Age of Tyrants
They held absolute power
15
Greek religion
Influenced by
Humanlike with strengths and weaknesses
Greek gods
Purpose was to
Egyptians
Persians
Explain things in the world around them
Worshipped in ceremonies (Olympics)
Were spoken to in oracles through priests
Hebrews
16
Believed they descended from Helen of Troy
Spoke the same language
Nobles owned most land
Greeks united because
Social Structure
Popular government created- Democracy
Mountains and valleys
Greeks separated because
Merchants made money by trading with Greek
colonies
Aristocracy were nobles that controlled
city-states
Spirit of independence
Each city-state had its own culture
17
Todays Assignment- pages 5-6 of your packet due
next class period.
STOP
Ancient Greece Test
A-Days- 10/7, B-Days- 10/8
18
Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4- page 7
ATHENS Founded Democracy (direct) With
citizenship restrictions Commercial/Were Sea
Traders Wealthy- cities paid Athens for
protection. Strong leadership- Pericles attracted
artists/philosophers Developed court
system Creative, Powerful Huge Developments
in Art/Architecture Philosophy (1st )
Pythagorean Theorem Hippocratic Oath History
(1st ) Rhetoric/Public Speaking (1st) Drama (1st
) Biology (1st)
  • SPARTA
  • Warlike people/Militaristic
  • Traditional, Rigid
  • Lived in Peloponnesus
  • Took land for the Dorians
  • Helots were farmers
  • Govt control- Ephors
  • (Oligarchy) Aristocratic
  • Unhealthy babies killed
  • 7 yr. Old boys Military
  • Military service ages 20-60
  • No advancements
  • 3 Social Classes
  • Dorians- Citizens
  • Neighbors
  • Helots
  • City-State (Polis)
  • Extreme hatred for one another
  • Participated in the Olympic Games
  • Agora
  • Acropolis

19
Illustration 1- The Greek City-State
  • Greece was never united because of
    geography, _________________ and _______________
    created barriers between city states. The most
    important democracy appeared in ___________ where
    laws were passed by elected officials and
    assemblies of _________. Most assemblies met
    _______ and spoke freely, showing pride in their
    __________________ and independence.

mountains
coastlines
Athens
citizens
in public places
Page 8
freedom
20
Illustration 2- Movin on Up (Socially)
  • __________contributed to the beginning of Greek
    democracy. Many lower class men would join
    __________ units to gain power and more say as
    _________________.

Warfare
hoplite
citizens
21
Illustration 3- Athenian Democracy?
  • Greek Democracy
  • Direct Democracy- ____ ___________________________
    _________________________________
  • Representative Democracy- ________________________
    ____________________________________

Everyone votes on every issue.
Had slavery- couldnt vote.
Women couldnt vote.
Had to be an adult to vote.
Representatives vote for us on every issue.
13th-15th Amendment- freed slaves could vote.
19th Amendment- women suffrage
26th Amendment- age 18 to vote.
22
Chapter 4 Section 5 Graphic Organizer- page 9
Age of Pericles
Recruited the best artists, teachers, scientists
to Athens
Greatest Athenian ruler
All citizens could hold public office
23
Chapter 4 Section 5 Graphic Organizer- page 9
Series of battles between Greek city-states
Peloponnesian War
Plague kills Pericles and Athens surrenders in
404 B.C.
Athens under siege by Spartan army
24
Four Main Characteristics of Greek Art- page 9
(sideways)
  • 1 Expressed harmony, balance, and order
  • 2 Glorified humans
  • 3 Symbolized pride of the people
  • 4 Is beautiful and useful

25
Greatest Example of Greek Art- pg. 9
  • The Parthenon
  • Is located in Athens
  • Built during Greeces Golden Age
  • Defining feature is its columns

26
The Parthenon continued
  • Sculptures inside and outside worshipped the
    Greek Goddess Athena
  • Sculptures were also built to honor other Greek
    Gods

27
Greek Gods and Goddesses continued
  • Greek goddess of victory was Nike
  • Most monuments were built in the highest point in
    the town, the Acropolis
  • Why? To be closer to the Gods

28
Greek developments is Science, History, and
Drama- page 9 (bottom)
  • During Greeces Golden Age reforms and new
    developments that are still used today were
    developed. In the boxes below you can see the
    accomplishments of some great Greek reformers and
    historians.

29
Greek Reformers
  • Reformers Name Pythagorean
  • Major Accomplishment Developed the Pythagorean
    theorem (a2 b2 c2)

30
Reformers continued
  • Reformers Name Democritius
  • Major Achievement Developed the idea that Atoms
    compose all matter.

31
More Reformers
  • Reformers Name Hippocrates
  • Made several developments in Medicine. Created
    the Hippocratic Oath (for doctors)

32
Greek Historians
  • Historians Name Herodotus
  • Major Accomplishment Known as the Father of
    History

33
Another Greek Historian
  • Historians Name Thucydides
  • Major Accomplishment Wrote the history of the
    Peloponnesian War.

34
Important Definition page 10 (top)
  • Greek Drama were plays containing action or
    dialogue that involves conflict and emotion.
  • Greeks always enjoyed a good Play. They had
    several developments in Greek drama including

35
Types of Greek Drama
  • Tragedy is a play that deals with a struggle
    against fate.
  • Comedies is a play that mocks ideas and people.

36
What is Philosophy? Page 10 (middle)
  • Study of the most fundamental questions of
    reality and human existence.
  • Another note about Greek Philosophy Is the most
    dominant contribution to Western Civilization.
  • Philosopher is a lover of wisdom. The Three most
    important philosophers came from Greece.

37
Greek Philosophers
  • Socrates beliefs
  • People should think for themselves and acquire
    wisdom by questioning.
  • Ignorance leads to evil.
  • Socratic method- question to find answer.
  • No writings- we know about him through Platos
    works.
  • Put to death for his actions.

38
Platos beliefs (student of Socrates)
  • Wrote dialogues about education, temperance,
    beauty, religion, and other subjects of interest
    to philosophers.
  • The Republic- Platos major political work
    concerning the question of justice.
  • Ideal government is an aristocracy- a government
    ruled by the upper class- not of wealth, but
    education and intelligence

39
Aristotles beliefs (student of Plato)
  • Poetics- the Study of Greek Drama.
  • Developed the basics of Logic.
  • The best government should have a powerful
    leader, aristocratic advisors, and a democratic
    assembly.
  • Developed Ethics- study of right and wrong.

40
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41
Todays Assignment- pages 11-12 of your packet
STOP
Ancient Greece Test-
(A-Days) Wednesday, (B-Days) Thursday
42
Story Mapping- History Frame p. 13
  • Title of Event
  • Conquests of Alexander the Great
  • Problem or Goal
  • Macedonians had a large number of rivals (Greek
    city-states, Persian Empire)
  • Philip II of Macedon (dad) was assassinated
  • Macedonians/Alexander wanted to spread their
    influence.

43
History Frame page 13
  • Participants/Key Players
  • Alexander (god/king)
  • Infantry (group of soldiers used by Alex trained
    to fight on foot)
  • Phalanx (military unit used by Alex with 16 rows
    of tightly spaced soldiers with lances 21 feet
    long)

44
History Frame page 13
  • Where
  • Southern Europe (Greece), through Asia Minor
    (Turkey), North Africa (Egypt), stretching into
    Southern Asia (India)
  • When
  • 336 B.C.-323 B.C.

45
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46
History Frame page 13
  • Key Episodes or Events
  • 334 B.C.- leaves Macedonia
  • 331 B.C.- controls Asia Minor, Egypt,
    Mesopotamia, and the Persian Empire
  • 326 B.C.- after reaching India, he reluctantly
    turns back
  • 323 B.C.- Alex dies in Babylon

47
History Frame page 13
  • Resolution or Outcome
  • More trading and cultural diffusion throughout
    this region.
  • Development of Hellenistic Culture (Greek/Persian
    ideas of philosophy, science, art) spread
    throughout this region.
  • Alexander was undefeated in all battles.

48
History Frame page 13
  • Theme/Lessons/So What
  • Hellenistic ideas and materials are spread and
    absorbed by people living in this region and
    beyond for centuries to come.

49
Elements of Greek Culture before and after
Alexander page 14
HELLENISTIC GREECE
CLASSICAL GREECE
  • BALKAN
  • PENINSULA ONLY
  • DEMOCRACY-
  • ATHENS
  • OLIGARCHY-
  • SPARTA
  • GLORIFIED
  • HUMAN FORM
  • IN ART
  • INDEPENDENT
  • CITY-STATES
  • EMPIRE STRETCHED FROM
  • MEDITERRANEAN
  • TO INDIA
  • ALEXANDER IS
  • A GOD KING
  • (MONARCHY)
  • ALEXS LEADERS
  • LEFT BEHIND IN
  • MANY CITIES
  • COMBINATION OF
  • GREEK, PERSIAN,
  • EGYPTIAN, INDIAN
  • CULTURES
  • INCREASED TRADE
  • UNDER ALEX

BOTH
  • GREEK LANGUAGE
  • GREEK MYTHOLOGY
  • OLYMPIC GAMES
  • SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
  • DRAMA

50
Greek Culture
  • Early Greek civilizations produced a golden age
    of new innovations in art, philosophy, science,
    theatre, and government that eventually became
    the core of Western Civilization.

51
Alexanders Influence
  • Alexander the Greats empire later spread this
    culture to Three continents. But the process of
    blending diverse elements from individual parts
    of the Hellenistic world changed Greek culture.

52
Hellenistic Culture- page 15
  • Greek city-states lost their independence.
  • Cause city-states, except Sparta came under
    Macedonian rule when they were defeated at the
    Battle of Chaeronea.

53
Helenistic Culture- page 15
  • Alexander became king of Macedon at age 20.
  • Cause His father was assassinated, and his
    rivals for the throne were killed.

54
Helenistic Culture- page 15
  • Alexander destroyed the city of Thebes and sold
    its citizens into slavery.
  • Cause Thebes had rebelled against Alexander
    while he was away fighting and wished to punish
    the city of Thebes as an example for the rest of
    Greece.

55
Hellenistic Culture- page 15
  • Alexander turned back from conquering India
  • Cause Running low on supplies, his troops
    refused to go further east--threatening mutiny.

56
Hellenistic Culture- page 15
  • Alexander encouraged Greeks to settle in all
    parts of his empire
  • Cause Alexander wanted to spread Greek laws,
    art, architecture, and literature throughout his
    empire.

57
Key ideas page 15
  • Trading became a dominant force in Hellenistic
    society, connecting the Mediterranean World to
    India this helped Hellenistic Culture spread.
  • Largest city in the world Alexandria, built by
    Alexander the Great in Egypt, had a population of
    over one million.

58
Mathematics and Physics- bottom of page 15
  • Euclid- developed many theorems used in Geometry
    today.
  • Archimedes- calculated the value of pi.
  • Aristarchus- developed the idea that the earth
    traveled around the sun.

59
Mathematics and Physics continued
  • Hipparchus- used trigonometry and calculus to
    determine the time of eclipses.
  • Erastosthanes- calculated the earths diameter.

60
The Legacy of Greece- page 16
  • Ancient Greece was a small country with limited
    natural resources. Although its military might
    also was limited compared to later empires, the
    people of the Greek city-states produced epic
    poetry, distinctive art forms, architecture,
    philosophy, science, and ideas about government
    that continue to influence the way people think,
    live, and govern themselves today.

61
Greek Civilization Government
  • Kings and Tyrants wear out their welcome (abusing
    power)
  • Athens- Direct Democracy citizens rule by
    majority vote. (only adult, landowning male
    citizens could vote)
  • Sparta- militaristic oligarchy (rule by few)
  • Athens-Trial by jury.
  • .

62
Greek Civilization Arts
  • Poetry (Homers epics)
  • Centered in Athens (rich and powerful after
    victories in the Persian Wars, cities paid Athens
    for protection, promoted by Pericles)
  • Sculpture portraying ideals of beauty
  • Drama (comedies and tragedies)
  • Classical architecture like the Parthenon

63
Greek Civilization Culture
  • Trade- early on for food, increased by Alex
  • Greek language
  • Olympic Games
  • Philosophers (Athens big three)
  • Herodotus- History
  • Spread by Alex

64
Greek Science and Technology
  • Hippocrates- Medicine
  • Democritus- Atoms
  • Accurate estimate of the circumference of the
    earth.

65
Todays Assignment- Pages 17-18 in your packet
due next class period.
STOP
Ancient Greece Test next class period.
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