SEPARATION OF MATTER

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SEPARATION OF MATTER

• Matter is separated into three states SOLID,
  LIQUID, GAS.
• Matter can also be broken down into distinct
  materials, each category representing a specific
  type of material. A flow chart will show the
  linking of these types of materials.

THE ATOMIC - MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER
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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter
Separated by physical methods
Separated by physical methods
Separated by physical methods
Separated by chemical methods
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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter
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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter A
microscopic view
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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matterdefinitions

• Matter occupies space and has weight.
• Energy the ability to do work
• Materials a particular type of matter, generic
  term.
• Mixture has variable composition, can be
  separated by physical methods.
• Heterogeneous mixture has properties which vary
  from region to region, can be separated into a
  homogeneous mixture or a substance.
• Homogeneous mixture uniform properties
  throughout, also called a solution. Can be
  separated into substances.

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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter

• Physical properties characteristics of a
  material which may be determined without altering
  the composition of the material bp (boiling
  point), mp, color, density etc., no change in the
  chemical identity occurs.
• Chemical properties characteristics of a
  material which involves altering the composition
  of the material, the ability to form new
  substances by decomposition or reactions with
  other substances. A rearrangement of the atoms.
  
• Phase a sample of matter that is uniform
  throughout, both in its chemical composition and
  its physical state.
• Chemical Bonds the attractive forces, the
  glue, strong enough to maintain a group of atoms
  together for an indefinite amount of time.

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• Chemical structure the position and geometry
  of the atoms in a molecule.

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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter

• (Pure) substance a material which can not be
  separated by physical methods into 2 or more
  materials which have different characteristics.
• Compounds a material containing two or more
  elements or molecules.
• Molecules the smallest grouping which a
  substance can be divided into without forming a
  new substance, a group of 2 or more atoms held
  together by strong forces called "bonds".
• Atoms the smallest particle of matter which has
  distinctive chemical characteristics, generic
  term, composed of a nucleus surrounded by
  electrons.
• Elements a specific substance which can not be
  decomposed into simpler substances by chemical
  means, an atom with a specific number of protons,
  neutrons, and electrons.

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The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter

• Nucleus the small positively charged kernel,
  composed of protons and neutrons.
• Protons a positively charged particle, has a
  mass 1.67 x 10-27 kg or 1 amu (atomic mass
  unit) usually symbolized as H or p.
• Neutrons neutral particles with the same mass as
  the proton, contributes weight but no charge.
• Electrons a negatively charged particle, has a
  mass 9.1 x 10-31 kg (1/1837 amu) usually
  symbolized as e-.

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YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
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PRACTICE PROBLEMS 4

• 1. Classify the following as an element,
  compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or
  homogeneous).
• _____ air _____ oxygen
• _____ tin can _____ sugar
• _____ Windex _____ crude oil
• _____ suntan lotion _____ gummi bear
• 2. A white solid is dissolved in water. The
  resulting colorless, clear liquid is boiled in a
  beaker until dryness. White crystals remain in
  the beaker. The liquid can be classified as
  a(n) ______________.
• 3. Classify the following as physical or
  chemical changes.
• _____ photosynthesis _____ baking
• _____ writing with pencil _____ snowing

E
HO
E
C
HE
HO
HE
HO
Homogeneous mixture
CC
CC
PC
PC