Muscle and Bone Injuries

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Muscle and Bone Injuries
Unit 5 Illness and Injury
CHAPTER 11
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Muscle and Bone Injuries

• The Musculoskeletal System
• Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Splinting
• Head Injuries
• Spinal Injuries
• Chest Injuries

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The Musculoskeletal System

• Gives the Body Shape
• Protects Vital Internal Organs
• Allows for Movement
• Produces Blood Cells

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The Musculoskeletal System
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Causes of Extremity Injuries
• Direct force
• Indirect force
• Twisting force

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Types of Extremity Injuries
• Closed injuries

• Open injuries

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Specific Types of Extremity Injuries
• FractureBroken bone
• DislocationBone ends that make up a joint are
  pushed out of place
• SprainExcessive twisting of ligaments and
  tendons
• StrainOverexerting a muscle

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Signs and Symptoms of Extremity Injuries

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Emergency Care for Extremity Injuries
• Perform an initial assessment before focusing on
  a particular injury.
• Expose the injury site.
• Control bleeding.
• Check for distal circulation, sensation, and
  motor function.
• Manually immobilize the extremity.

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

• Emergency Care for Extremity Injuries
• Splint the suspected fracture site.
• Recheck distal circulation, sensation, and motor
  function often.
• Apply a cold pack in a towel to the injury site.
• Oxygen per local protocol.
• Treat for shock.

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Splinting

• Rules for Splinting
• Check distal circulation, sensation, and motor
  function before and after splinting.
• Immobilize the suspected fracture site and the
  joints above and below the injury site.

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Splinting
Control bleeding, dress, and bandage wounds.
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Splinting
Check distal circulation, sensation, and motor
before splinting.
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Splinting
Apply a padded splint or wrap the extremity in
gauze.
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Splinting
Firmly secure the splint.
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Splinting
Reassess distal circulation, sensation, and motor
function.
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Splinting
Elevate the extremity.
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Splinting

• Types of Splints

Soft Splints
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Splinting

• Types of Splints

Rigid Splints
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Splinting

• Types of Splints

Improvised Splints
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Splinting

• Types of Splints

Sling and Swathe
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Head Injuries

• Head
• The cranium
• The face

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Head Injuries

• Types of Injuries
• ConcussionCan cause damage to the brain
• ContusionRuptures blood vessels within the brain

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Head Injuries
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Head Injuries

• Signs and Symptoms of Head Injury
• Altered mental status
• Exposed brain tissue
• Penetrating injuries
• Deformity of the skull

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Head Injuries

• Signs and Symptoms of Head Injury
• Swelling and discoloration
• Unequal or unresponsive pupils
• Fluids from the ears and/or the nose
• Deterioration of vital signs

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Head Injuries
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Head Injuries

• Emergency Care
• Maintain an open airway.
• Use the jaw-thrust maneuver and stabilize the
  head.
• Provide resuscitative measures as needed.
• Control bleeding.
• Do not apply direct pressure over the injury
  site.
• (START HERE ON SAT)

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Head Injuries

• Emergency Care
• Talk to the responsive patient.
• Dress and bandage open wounds and stabilize
  penetrating objects.
• Provide care for shock.
• Oxygen per local protocol.
• Nothing by mouth.
• Monitor vital signs.

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Spinal Injuries

• The spinal column includes the neck bones and
  the back bones.

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Spinal Injuries

• Signs and Symptoms
• Weakness, numbness, or tingling sensations
• Paralysis to arms and/or legs
• Pain and/or tenderness
• Deformity of the spine
• Labored breathing
• Priapism

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Spinal Injuries

• Assessing for injury

Hand Movement
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Spinal Injuries

• Assessing for injury

Foot Movement
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Spinal Injuries

• Assessing for injury

Touch Finger
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Spinal Injuries

• Assessing for injury

Touch Toe
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Spinal Injuries

• Stabilizing the Patients Head and Neck
• Kneel at the top of the patients head.
• Place your hands on each side of the head.
• Position your fingers under the lower jaw.
• Keep the patients head and neck stable.
• Maintain your position.

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Spinal Injuries
In-line Stabilization with Jaw Thrust
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Chest Injuries

• There are 12 ribs on each side of the chest.

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Chest Injuries

• Signs and Symptoms of Suspected Fractured Ribs
  Include
• Pain and tenderness
• Deformity
• Shallow breathing
• Guarding the injury site

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Chest Injuries

• Signs and symptoms of a rib fracture

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Chest Injuries

• Emergency Care of Suspected Fractured Ribs
• Assure an open airway.
• Oxygen per local protocol.
• Apply a sling and swathe for support.

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Chest Injuries

• Flail Chest

When three or more consecutive ribs are fractured
in two or more places
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Chest Injuries
Apply a bulky pad of dressings, several inches
thick, over the site or use a small pillow that
is soft and lightweight.
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Summary

• The Musculoskeletal System
• Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Splinting
• Head Injuries
• Spinal Injuries
• Chest Injuries