Chemistry is Everywhere

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Chapter 1

• Chemistry is Everywhere

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Contents

• 1.1 Chemistry in Our World
• 1.2 A Scientific Approach to Solving Problems
• 1.3 Hypothesis to Theory The Scientific Method
• 1.4 Searching for Answers Applied and Basic
  Research
• 1.5 Chemistry A Central Science in Your Education

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Chapter 1Key Terms

• Chemistry
• Experiment
• Hypothesis
• Natural law

• Risk and benefit
• Scientific method
• Theory

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Chemistry is Everywhere

• Identify chemistry in the following picture
• Air
• Trees
• Clothes
• People
• Structures

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Chemistry is everywhere

• Present in what you buy
• What you touch, smell, or see
• Natural and synthetic

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Chemistry is Everywhere

• Risk vs Benefit
• Transportation
• Cars and trucks
• Bridges and highways
• Airplanes and trains
• Agriculture
• Farming
• food
• Health
• Drugs
• treatment

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Chemistry is Everywhere

• Risk and benefit a pair of terms used together
  to emphasize a trade-off between beneficial
  effects and the uncertainty or possibility of
  unwanted side effects or danger

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Chemistry is Everywhere

• We are all chemists because we work with
  chemicals
• We become better chemists the more we understand
  chemistry

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1.1 Chemistry in Our World

• Chemistry the branch of science that deals with
  the characteristics and composition of all
  materials and with the reactions they can undergo.

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1.1 Chemistry in Our World

• It touches us every moment
• It touches society
• 5th largest industry in the U.S.
• Top 10 in worker safety
• 10,000 chemical industries in U.S.
• 1,000,000 employed by chemical industry

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1.1 Chemistry in Our World

• Where is chemistry?
• Medicine
• Dentistry
• Construction
• Art
• Engineering
• ?
• ?

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1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving

• Identify and state the problem
• Collect data pertaining to the problem by making
  observations and by carrying out experiments
• Analyze the data and propose one or more possible
  solutions to the problem (or give and explanation
  for the observation)
• Carry out the proposed plan or experiment

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1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving

• Solving problems in chemistry
• Identify the problem and state precisely what is
  wanted
• Collect and write down the data and known facts
  related to the problem
• Analyze the data, identify the type of problem to
  be solved, and set up the problem by outlining a
  specific plan or pathway to the answer

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1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving

• Carry out the proposed plan to obtain a tentative
  solution
• Evaluate your answer to make sure itt is a
  reasonable solution. If it is not, repeat the
  five steps

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1.3 Hypothesis to Theory The Scientific Method

• All sciences are
• Searching for answers to problems
• Concerned with the explanation of nature
• Experimentation sets science apart from other
  intellectual study
• Explanations must be tested by controlled
  research investigation

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1.3 Hypothesis to Theory The Scientific Method

• Experiment controlled investigation used to
  test or obtain facts, to test or establish a
  hypothesis, or to illustrate a known scientific
  law

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1.3 Hypothesis to Theory The Scientific Method
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1.3 Hypothesis to Theory The Scientific Method

• Natural law a statement that summarizes
  experimental facts about nature where behavior is
  consistent and has no known exceptions
• Hypothesis a tentative, reasonable explanation
  of the facts or the law
• Theory a well-established explanation that has
  withstood extensive testing

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1.4 Searching for Answers Applied and Basic
Research

• We are sentenced by our nature to create. There
  is no way to avoid investigation of what is in or
  around us. There is no way to close ones eyes
  to creation or discovery
• Roald Hoffmann
• Cornell University, Nobel prize in chemistry
  (1981)

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1.4 Searching for Answers Applied and Basic
Research

• Applied research
• Development of products
• For business
• For industry
• For society
• Analysis for problem solving
• Foods, fuels, soil, etc.
• 70 carried out by industry

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1.4 Searching for Answers Applied and Basic
Research

• Basic Research
• Search for knowledge for its own sake
• Adds to knowledge base for society
• For basic research
• For applied research
• Aid us in understanding the secrets of nature
• 50 by industry
• 50 by university
• Some carried out by private and government
  institutes

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1.5 Chemistry A Central Science in Your Education

• Focus of chemistry must be balanced
• Experiments
• Problem solving
• Terminology
• Facts
• Laws
• Concepts and theories