E kcal mol1

1
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E - kcal mol-1
2
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4
C4H10
???
????????
??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??
???? ???? ????.
5
???? ???? ??? IUPAC
(1) ???(?) ?? ?????? ?????? ?????.
2
1
3
3 ?????? - ??????. ????? ????? 2.
????? CH4 ????. CH3 - ????.
?? 2-??????????
2-methylpropane
6
8
1
2
7
5
7
6
3
4
3
8
2
4
5
6
1
??????
7
1
2
5
7
3
4
8
6
??????
4-ethyl-3-methyloctane
8
4
1
2
????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??. 1.
4-(1,1-??????????)??????
9
??????? ???????? ????????
Cl3C-CH2-CCl3
3,3,3,1,1,1-???????????????
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexachloropropane
2
5-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyloctane
1
1
3
7
2
8
5
5-(2-?????????)-2-??????????
4
6
10
??????? ????????
Pka -logH
Pkb -logOH-
???? 67
Pka(CH4) 50
???????????
11
???????
????????????? ???? 2.5 ???? 2.1
???? C-C ????? C-H ?????????. ??????? ?? ????????
???? ??????
-3
-3
-4
-3
H3C-CH3
CH4
0
-2
-1
-3
4?
0?
1?
2?
3?
12
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??????????? SP3 ????????? ????? ??????? ????
???????
13
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???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??-??-????.
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15
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