Ch9 Respiration

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Ch9 - Respiration

• Cells use ATP to do work.
• Cellular respiration provides energy to make ATP
  from ADP and phosphate.
• Glucose is oxidized during respiration and
  energy-rich electrons are stored in NADH.
• The path of carbon during respiration
  Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

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Outline continued

• NADH is oxidized by molecular oxygen in electron
  transfer.
• ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation
  (chemiosmosis)
• Fermentation is an alternative pathway for ATP
  formation
• Control mechanisms for respiration.

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Energy is required for

• Maintenance of life (keeping entropy low)
• Growth etc.
• Synthesis of macromolecules
• Membrane transport
• Motion
• Cell division

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Cells use ATP to do work.
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Cellular work - roles for ATP
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Catabolism breakdown -- releases energy
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ATP synthesis requires energy
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Catabolism
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The breakdown of glucose provides energy.

• C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6H2O
  Energy

ATP Heat
DG -686 cal/mole
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Energy flow
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Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions
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Example
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General Formula
Oxidation
Xe Y X Ye
Reduction
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Glucose is oxidized during respiration.
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Oxidation of methane
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High energy electrons

• Glucose methane
• Compounds with H atoms
• In oxidation, fall towards electronegative atoms
  such as O
• Energy is released.

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Oxidation of glucose is a stepwise process
Oxidation

• - C - OH NAD CO NADH

Reduction
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NADH

NAD
2H from food
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The path of carbon Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
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Glycolysis

Glucose 2 ADP 2 NAD 2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2
NADH
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Energy Investment Phase
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Net
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Substrate Level Phosphorylation
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Types of Energy-rich Molecules

• ATP
• NADH

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Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
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What is acetyl-CoA?
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What is FADH2?
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Chemical balance per glucose