Cellular Respiration

1
Cellular Respiration

• Chapter 9

2
Food and Calories

• The food and drink that you consume provide a
  source of energy for your cells. The energy is
  used to make ATP.
• Calorie the amount of energy needed to raise
  one gram of water one degree Celsius.
• Kilocalorie (on labels) 1000 calories
• Food also provides the building blocks for your
  cellular products (proteins, hormones, etc.)

3
An overview of Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration can be aerobic (with
  oxygen), or anaerobic, (without oxygen)
• Aerobic respiration has 3 main steps
• 1. Glycolysis
• 2. Krebs Cycle
• 3. Electron Transport Chain

4
Equation for Cellular Respiration

• 6O2 C6H12O6 ? 6CO2 6H2O 36 ATP
• Oxygen and Glucose react or form carbon dioxide,
  water, and ATP.
• Other sugars, starch, fats, and proteins can also
  be used as energy sources. Glucose is just the
  simplest energy form.
• How does this equation relate to photosynthesis?

5
Glycolysis Splitting Glucose

• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
• One glucose molecule into two molecules of
  pyruvic acid.
• Uses 2 ATP but makes 4 ATP. Net 2 ATP
• Makes 2 NADH
• Does NOT use oxygen.

6
The Krebs Cycle

• Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.
• Pyruvic acid enters the cycle, where a series of
  enzyme-controlled reactions create NADH and
  FADH (energy carriers)
• CO2 is a waste product.

7
The Electron Transport Chain

• H ions that were generated from the Krebs cycle
  build up outside of the inner mitochondrial
  membrane.
• The H ions are forced through ATP synthetase,
  creating 3 ATPs for every turn.

8
Electron Transport Chain

• Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor.
• H and oxygen combine to form water, a waste
  product.
• Without oxygen, the entire process backs up, and
  ATP cannot be created.

9
Summary of Cellular Respiration

• Glucose is split into pyruvic acid in the
  cytoplasm
• In the mitochondria, the Krebs cycle creates CO2
  and NADH and FADH
• ATP synthetase creates ATP on the inner membrane
  of the mitochondria. Oxygen and H make water.
• A total of 36 ATPs are formed by aerobic
  respiration.

10
Anaerobic Respiration

• If your body uses energy very quickly, pyruvic
  acid can build up.
• ATP is produced anaerobically by turning the
  pyruvic acid into lactic acid.
• Lactic acid builds up in muscles and is painful.
• Intake of oxygen (heavy breathing) removes lactic
  acid from your muscles.

11
Anaerobic Respiration..

• Fermentation is a valuable anaerobic process used
  to make ATP by yeasts and bacteria.
• Fermentation produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol as
  by-products.
• Valuable in the food and drink industry yogurt,
  beer, wine, cheese, sauerkraut