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Groups of the Periodic Table

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Title: Groups of the Periodic Table


1
Groups of the Periodic Table
  • Chapter 22

2
Metals
  • Most elements are metals
  • Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line
  • Atoms of most metals have few electrons in their
    outer energy level
  • Most metals are solid at room temperature

3
Metals Continued
  • Most metals are good conductors of thermal energy
  • Most metals are malleable, meaning they can be
    flattened with a hammer without being shattered
  • Most metals are ductile, meaning they can be
    drawn into thin wires
  • Metals tend to be shiny

4
Nonmetals
  • Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag
    line on the Periodic Table
  • Atoms of most nonmetals have an almost complete
    set of electrons in their outer energy level
  • More than half of nonmetals are gases at room
    temperature

5
Nonmetals Continued
  • Nonmetals are not malleable or ductile
  • Most nonmetals are not shiny
  • Nonmetals are poor conductors of thermal energy
    and electric current

6
Metalloids
  • Metalloids are also called semiconductors
  • Metalloids border the zigzag line on the Periodic
    Table
  • Metalloids have a half complete set of electrons
    in their outer energy level
  • Metalloids have properties of both metals and
    nonmetals

7
Groups 1 2 Very Reactive Metals
  • The elements in groups 1 2 are the most
    reactive metals
  • This is because they have so few electrons in
    their outer energy levels
  • These elements are so reactive that they are only
    found combined with other elements in nature

8
Group 1 Alkali Metals
  • Alkali metals are soft enough to be cut with a
    knife
  • These are the most reactive of the metals
  • These metals combine with other elements to form
    items used every day such as table salt or drain
    cleaner

9
Group 2 Alkaline-earth Metals
  • Alkaline-earth metals are not as reactive as
    alkali metals because it is more difficult to
    give away two electrons rather than one
  • Compounds of alkaline-earth metals are found in
    cement, plaster, chalk, and your body

10
Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
  • These atoms do not give away electrons as easily
    as atoms in groups 1 2, making them less
    reactive
  • Properties of transition metals vary widely

11
Lanthanides and Actinides
  • Some transition metals from periods 6 7 are
    placed at the bottom of the Periodic Table to
    keep the table from becoming too wide.
  • Elements in the first row are called lanthanides
  • Elements in the second row are called lactinides

12
Groups 13-16 Groups with Metalloids
  • Moving across from group 13 to group 16, the
    elements shift from metals to nonmetals. Along
    the way you find the metalloids.

13
Groups 17 18 Nonmetals Only
  • The elements in groups 17 18 are nonmetals
  • The elements in group 17 are the most reactive
    nonmetals
  • The elements in group 18 are the least reactive
    nonmetals

14
Groups 17 Halogens
  • Halogens are very reactive nonmetals because
    their atoms need to gain only one electron to
    have a complete outer level.

15
Group 18 Noble Gases
  • Noble gases are unreactive nonmetals.
  • Because atoms in this group have a complete set
    of electrons in their outer shell, they do not
    need to lose or gain electrons.
  • They do not react with other elements under
    normal conditions.

16
Hydrogen Stands Apart
  • The properties of hydrogen do not match the
    properties of any single group, so hydrogen is
    set apart from the other elements in the table.

17
Homework
  • Read Chapter 22 Section 2, pages 582-589.
  • Complete section review page 589.
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