A Continent on the Move

1
A Continent on the Move

• Chapter 2

2
European Rivalries

• New states seeking position
• New World competition
• Hope for wealth
• Religion follows

3
(No Transcript)
4
Spain

• Experience of Reconquista
• Hernanado Cortes
• Aztecs
• Smallpox
• Francisco Coronado
• Quivera
• Motive
• Gold
• God
• Glory

5
Treaty of Tordesillas
Tordesillas
6
England

• English colonial venture slow in getting started
• Sir Walter Raleigh - Roanoke Island
• Defeat of Spanish Armada - 1588
• Balance of power shift

7
Spanish Empire

• Encomienda system
• Large population decrease - disease and violence
• Bartolome de Las Casas
• Smallpox particular curse
• Population dropped from 25 million to 2 million
  within 60 years

8
France

• Tries to thwart Spain in south
• Colonies in modern day Canada
• Samuel de Champlain
• Company of Habitants of New France
• Joliet, Marquette, LaSalle
• Motivation
• Religion
• Rival to England
• Seek to increase power
• Wealth - fur trade

9
Dutch

• Henry Hudson
• Dutch West India Company
• Dutch Merchant-Adventurers
• Dutch trade after defeat of Spanish Armada
• Interest - accumulate wealth and do it quickly
• New Netherlands in North America and islands in
  Caribbean

10
Indians and New Spain

• Relative peaceful coexistence
• Requerimiento
• Don Juan de Onate (1598)
• Acoma pueblo
• Pueblo Revolt - 1680
• Pope
• Capture Santa Fe
• Horses

11
Indian Economies
12
Eastern Province

• Algonkian - confederation
• North - Hunter-gatherer, fishing - patrilineal
• South Agriculture, river and sea fishing -
  mixed
• Iroquoian matriarchal, matrilineal
• League of Five Nations traders, warriors
• Muskhogean absorbed tribes
• Choctaw trade and agriculture
• Creeks peacemakers and diplomats
• Chickasaws warriors
• Natchez ruled by religious leaders

13
Eastern Province - continued

• Muskhogean
• Choctaw trade and agriculture
• Creeks peacemakers and diplomats
• Chickasaws warriors
• Natchez ruled by religious leaders
• Siouian-
• Agricultural and hunter-gatherer, fishing
• Matrilineal and patrilineal

14
Indian Economies
15
Western Province

• Great Plains
• East agriculture
• West hunter-gathers
• Southwest
• Pueblo people - pueblo
• Riparian people - rivers
• Intruder people - raiders
• Great Basin
• Nomadic

16
Western Province - continued

• Plateau
• Villages - fishing
• California
• Large population
• No environmental challenge
• No advanced culture
• Northwest Coast
• Isolated exciting cultural area
• Fishing, hunting, trading

17
Indian Economies
18
Indian Regions

• Southeast
• Missions to pacify Indians
• Disease modified Indian life
• Creek Confederacy
• Economic
• Social
• Athletics to settle differences

19
Indian Regions

• Northeast
• French entered power structure
• Two alliance systems
• Hurons - Iroquois
• Algonquins
• Abenakis
• Micmacs
• Ottawas
• Dutch encountered same - Iroquois
• Great Tree of Peace

20
Indian Regions

• Plains
• Villages near rivers
• Nomadic
• Buffalo - food and commerce
• Apaches, Comanches and Kiowas trade with Navajos,
  Hopi, Pueblos
• New horse culture
• Livelihood
• War fare
• Appearance
• Culture

21
Introduction of Horse
22
Maheo, the All Being

• If you have horses everything will be changed
  forever. You will have to move around a lot to
  find pasture for your horses. You will have to
  give up gardening and live by hunting and
  gathering, like the Comanches. And you will have
  to come out of your earth lodge houses and live
  in tents. You will have to fight with other
  tribes, who will want your pasture land or the
  places where you hunt. Think before you decide.

23
Spanish Frontier

• Town life
• High desert not suited to encomienda
• Ranching more profitable
• Two types
• South - ranching
• Elsewhere - subsistence farming

24
French Louisiana

• Labor shortage
• Indians
• Slaves
• Few settlers
• Indians
• Natchez - some
• Chickasaw - refused
• Choctaw - friendliest

25
New Netherlands

• Patroonship limited settlement
• Alternative - land to freeman
• Bouweries
• Settlers mixed
• Hugenots
• Roman Catholics
• Quakers
• Jews
• Muslims