Internal and External Motivation of Cooperation

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Internal and External Motivation of Cooperation

• Mizuho SHINADA
• (doctoral student)

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Effects of sanctioning system in social dilemma

• Positive effects
• A sanctioning system enhances cooperation (e.g.,
  Yamagishi, 1986)

• Negative effects
• A sanctioning system as an addictive drug The
  more of it we have, the more we depend on it
  (Taylor, 1987).

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Negative effects of a sanctioning
system

• A sanctioning system makes people believe that
  they cooperate for external incentives.
• ?
• The sanctioning system reduce intrinsic
  motivation to cooperate and trust for other
  people.
• ?
• People need severer sanctions to cooperate.

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Negative effects of a sanctioning system (contd)

• An external sanctioning system is a coercer.
• Coercion by itself may let people attribute their
  cooperation to external factors.
• ?
• Reduction of intrinsic motivation to cooperate

• Question
• Is it same for an internal sanctioning system
  ?

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Coercion vs. Commitment

• When members voluntarily introduce a sanctioning
  system, they may regard others (and themselves)
  as cooperation seeker rather than punishment
  avoiders.
• ?
• An internal sanctioning system is a commitment
  rather than a coercion.
• ?

Reduction of intrinsic motivation to cooperate
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Purpose of this study

• Examining negative effects of
• an external / internal sanctioning system.
• H0 Two sanctioning systems equally reduce
  intrinsic motivation to cooperate.
• H1 An external sanctioning system more greatly
  reduce intrinsic motivation than an internal
  sanctioning system.

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Experimental Design

• Removing Sanctioning Paradigm (Mulder van Dijk)
• Three-person group play social dilemma game.

Phase 1 manipulation
Social Dilemma trials with a sanctioning system
Phase 2 measurement of intrinsic cooperation
Social Dilemma trials without a sanctioning system
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Experimental Design (contd)
A sanctioning system is to be introduced by a
majority vote. (In fact, the system is introduced
always)

• External Sanction
• Condition

Internal Sanction Condition
Control Condition
SD trials with a sanctioning system
SD trials without a sanctioning system
SD trials with a chance to vote
SD trials without a sanctioning system
SD trials without a sanctioning system
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Summary Prediction
External incentives

1. In Phase 1, cooperation rates in external /
   internal sanctioning condition are higher than in
   control condition.
2. In Phase 2, cooperation rates in external
   sanctioning condition is lowest.

Attribution to external factors
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Preliminary Results

• Cooperation rates (two sessions in each condition)

Phase 1
Phase 2
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Preliminary Results

• Cooperation rates (three sessions in each
  condition)

1. In Phase 1, cooperation rates in internal
   sanctioning condition are highest.

Unexpected results
Phase 1
Phase 2
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Preliminary Results

• In Phase 2, cooperation rates in external
  sanctioning condition is lowest.
• However, cooperation rates in internal
  sanctioning condition is much lower than in
  control condition.

• Cooperation rates (three sessions in each
  condition)

Unexpected results
Phase 1
Phase 2
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Preliminary Results
It may be too early to draw a conclusion (we run
only two session), but we have to consider why
our prediction is not supported by now.

• Cooperation rates (three sessions in each
  condition)

Phase 1
Phase 2
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Thank You !