Silent Spring

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• Unit 11
• Silent Spring

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Saving Nature, Not Only for Men
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• Translate the following into English
• 1. ???????? 2. ????
• 3. ???? 4. ????
• 5. ???? 6. ????
• 7. ????????? 8. ????
• 9. ?????? 10. ????

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• 1. evil spell
• 2. browned and withered vegetation
• 3. harsh reality
• 4. air contamination
• 5. lethal weapon
• 6. synthetic materials
• 7. advance investigation
• 8. a life-and-death struggle
• 9. introduced species
• 10. natural reserves
• 11. intensification of agriculture

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• Julia Roberts
• In the drama Erin Brockovich (2000) Roberts plays
  a divorced mother. The role earned Roberts the
  Golden Globe Award for best dramatic actress and
  the Academy Award for best actress.

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• monitoring well.???
• hexavalent.?????
• chromium n.?
• toxicologist n.????
• PGE name of a company

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• 1. Does the woman think that the water is
  poisonous? Why or why not?
• ---No, the woman doesnt think that the water is
  poisonous because the guys from PGE told her
  that the water was fine and the doctor paid by
  PGE also told her the same.

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• 2. Do you think that PG E deliberately cheat
  these people?
• ---Yes.

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• 3. What do you think should the woman and her
  family do if theres really something poisonous
  in their water?
• ---They should bring a suit against the
• PGE company.

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• Environmental
  protection organizations
• Green Party a British political party that
  aims to protect the environment. It is against
  the use of nuclear power and other forms of
  industry and transport which it considers
  harmful. It was formed in 1973 as the Ecology
  Party, and changed its name to the Green Party in
  1985. Other countries also have parties that
  share the same name and ideals.

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• Green Rally
• Green parties, which focus on environmental
  concerns as well as social change, emerged as a
  political force in Europe in the 1980s. Shown
  here, supporters of the green political movement
  demonstrate in Paris.
• .

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Greenpeace

• A large international pressure group that
  aims to protect the environment. Its members are
  well known for taking direct action and putting
  their own lives in danger in order to stop people
  from harming the environment. For example, they
  often go out in small boats to stop people from
  killing whales or throwing poisonous materials
  into the sea.

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• Greenpeace Flagship Rainbow Warrior
• This photo shows Greenpeaces flagship, Rainbow
  Warrior, which was launched in 1989 on the fourth
  anniversary of the sinking of its namesake. The
  original Rainbow Warrior was sunk in a New
  Zealand port by French agents to prevent
  Greenpeace protests against nuclear tests in the
  South Pacific. The ship was named after the
  warriors of the rainbow, who, according to a
  Native American prophecy, were predicted to save
  the earth from ecological disaster.

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• The Environmental Protection Agency
• A US government organization that
  established rules and standards for the
  protection of the environment, e.g. against
  pollution.

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Gaia hypothesis

• The theory,put forward by British scientist
  James E. Lovelock in the early 1970s, that the
  earth is a single, living organism. Gaia was the
  ancient Greeks earth goddess. Lovelock suggests
  that the earth is self-regulating, like the human
  body. Gaia theory worships the earth to the point
  of excess.

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• Protagoras (c.481 411 B.C) Greek philosopher,
  one of the most renowned Sophists (professional
  teacher in Greece in the 5th century B.C.), now
  known mainly for his saying that Man is the
  measure of all things.

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• The retention of heat by the lower layers of the
  Earths atmosphere, which, it is believed, will
  cause a rise in temperature of the Earth and its
  atmosphere, known as global warming.

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Divisions of the Atmosphere
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• ?? Thermosphere
• ??? Mesosphere
• ??? Ozone Layer
• ??? Stratosphere
• ??? Troposphere
• Without our atmosphere, there would be no life on
  Earth. A relatively thin envelope, the atmosphere
  consists of layers of gases that support life and
  provide protection from harmful radiation.

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Chinas Air Pollution

• A report released in 2004 by the World Health
  Organization (WHO) noted that of the twenty most
  polluted cities in the world, sixteen can be
  found in China. Sulfur dioxide and soot caused by
  coal combustion are two major air pollutants,
  resulting in the formation of acid rain, which
  now falls on about 30 of China's total land
  area. Industrial boilers and furnaces consume
  almost half of China's coal and are the largest
  single point sources of urban air pollution.

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• Environmental Problems
• 1. The ozone layer skin cancer plankton????
• 2. The green house effect melting ice caps
  disturbed climate dried up plains empty
• Breadbasket??
• 3. Polluted waters, acid rains, sand storms, soil
  erosion, desertification, deforestation,
  over-fishing, salinization????
• Possible Solutions
• Energy efficiency technology biotechnology
  (energy efficient buildings)
• Clean fuels natural gas wind power solar
  power hydro-power

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Text Organization

• Main idea of the text
• Pollution by chemicals and problems brought by
  introduced species Human beings are tampering
  with nature and causing changes that are too many
  and too quick, so that people cannot adapt to
  them.

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berry

• -berrya small, juicy, fleshy fruit, such as a
  blackberry or raspberry, regardless of its
  botanical structure
• Strawberry ??
• Blackberry ??
• Blueberry ?????
• Raspberry ???,??
• Gooseberry ??

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• Highbush Blueberry The highbush blueberry, a
  deciduous shrub growing to 1.5 m (5 ft), is
  cultivated for its flowers, sweet fruit, and
  bright red autumn foliage. This plant grows well
  in moist, well-drained, acidic, sandy or peaty
  soils.

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• European Red Raspberry The European red
  raspberry was one of the first European plants to
  be transplanted to the New World. There are
  several wild species of raspberries and numerous
  cultivated varieties. All the wild species are
  native to the northern temperate regions of
  Europe, Asia, and North America. Raspberries are
  a popular fruit during the early summer months
  and can be made into excellent jam, jelly, and
  preserves.

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• Strawberry Plant with Flowers and Fruit Among
  the most popular of the small perennial herbs
  native to the temperate regions of the world is
  the strawberry. These plants are commonly grown
  as ground cover and for their fruit. All of the
  cultivated varieties, developed from four
  naturally occurring species, reproduce from seeds
  as well as by sending out runners.

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• Blackberries The blackberry, or bramble, is an
  evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub or
  woody-stemmed, climbing plant. It is often
  cultivated solely for its fruit, which is used in
  making jellies, jams, and liqueurs.

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conflict (line4)

• Be in opposition,collision or disagreement
  (followed by with)
• ---Our findings conflict with the results of the
  governments survey.
• ---These are conflicting reports about the
  identity of the hostage.
• Cf conflict vi /contradict vt
• The results contradicted each other.

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restriction(line 4)

• a restriction against smoking in schools
• ???????
• Restrictto keep or confine within limits.
• To restrict sb to sth
• to restrict oneself to two cigarettes a day

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proposal (line 4)

• Followed by for or to do sth.
• ---The new president is to put forward new
  proposals for resolving the countrys financial
  crisis.
• ---Their proposal to build a supermarket was
  welcomed by the local residents.

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• Proposal for/to do sth
• Propose v.
• Propose that clause- (should )v
• -
• al N.
• disapproval , rental, removal. Dismissal,
• Withdrawal, renewal,arrival denial
• betrayal

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in the name of (line5)

• 1. for the reason of
• 2. using the excuse of
• 3. as the representative of
• 4. by the authority of

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• ---They arrested him in the name of the safety of
  the country.
• ---Let me thank you in the name of my parents.
• ---We will charge him in the name of the law.
• ---He borrowed 3000 from his friend in the name
  of buying a car.

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• Cf in the name of
• for the sake of
• on behalf of
• ----There had been times when she had felt
  sickened by the things people did
• ____charity.
• a. on behalf of
• b. with the name of
• C. in the name of d.
• for the sake of

C
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distinguish(line7)

• recognize the difference (between)
• ---distinguish between right and wrong.
• ---These are some features that distinguish
  spoken English from written English.
• ---Fingerprints can be used to distinguish the
  two suspects.

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• Distinguish one thing from another
• ????????????
• The twins were so much alike that it was
  impossible to distinguish the one from the other.
• Distinguish between two things
• ???????
• People who cannot distinguish between colours
  are said to be color blind.

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fundamental(line10) adj. n.

• Of the basis or foundation of sth very
  important(followed by to)
• ---Teaching your child to distinguish right from
  wrong is one of the tasks of parenthood.
• ---He believes better relations with China are
  to the well-being of the area.
• Fundamental to sth ???????
• 
  ????

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regardless (line9)

• in spite of everything,anyway
• ---His parents objected to his marriage,but he
  carried on regardless.
• regardless of
• ---He says what he thinks, regardless of other
  people's feelings.
• Regardless adv.
• Despite of his recent surgery he has been
  carrying on regardless.

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Luxuries are those thingshave regardless (line
8-9)

• If costless if they are costless
• Regardless regardless of all costs.

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combat(line 11)

• fight or struggle
• ---Doctors are still seeking ways to combat AIDS.
• ---Many politicians emphasized the importance of
  combating international terrorism.
• combat-ready???????
• combat-worthy?????

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• Combat against / with / between
• against the evil ??????
• between good and evil
• ???????
• ------Congress has criticized new government
  measures to combat crime.
• ????????????????????.
• (?????)

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• atmosphere(line13)
• 1. The mixture of gases that surrounds the
  earth(used in the singular)
• ---The space shuttle Columbia will re-enter
  Earths atmosphere tomorrow morning.
• ---The treaty bans nuclear testing in the
  atmosphere.

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• 2. Feeling in the mind that is created by a group
  of people or place.
• ---It has been a week since the outbreak of the
  riot. There is still an atmosphere of great
  tension in the city.
• ---Atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.

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Divisions of the Atmosphere

• Without our atmosphere, there would be no life on
  Earth. A relatively thin envelope, the atmosphere
  consists of layers of gases that support life and
  provide protection from harmful radiation.

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speculative(line 19)

• 1) given to conjecture or speculation.
• ????,???
• 2) speculative brokers speculative stocks.
• ?????,????
• speculative funds.
• ????
• 3) speculative business enterprises.
• ????????

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consequence (line 20)

• the result or effect of an action or condition
• ---An economic crisis may have tremendous
  consequences for our global security.
• ---There may be serious for the country if the
  peace talks fail.
• ??? ????
• If you behave so foolish you must be ready to
  take the consequences.

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• 1) This decision will bring long-lasting
• consequences.
• 2) The effect of the gale was to overturn
  several boats.
• 3) The election results have not been made
  public.

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melt (line 20)

• cause (solid) to become liquid
• ---The ice-cream has melted in the sun.
• ---The temperature is high enough to melt iron.

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urgent (line25)

• be urgent for sb. (to do)
• ??????? (?)
• be urgent with sb. for to do
• ??????(?)
• In urgent need of
• CfUrgent/ emergent
• Emergent countries of Africa
• Cf urgency(un)/emergency(un/cn)

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---Faced with the threat of a civil war,the
President has called for self-control and calm.

• The teaching profession calls for a lot of
  patience.
• ??? ??, ?????,?????
• ? ?????????????????? ???????

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• The occasion calls for prompt action.
• Farmers are calling for larger government
  subsidies.
• It is situation that ___ a blend of delicacy and
  force.
• A calls off B. calls on
• C.calls back D. calls for
• ask/beg/claim/demand/request/require

D
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• ---Ask the doctor to come at once.
• ---They begged us not to punish them.
• ---Three different heirs claimed the inheritance.
• ---The judge demanded the release of the
  prisoner.
• ---Visitors are requested not to touch the
  exhibits.
• ---The work isnt up to the standard I require.
• ---The occasion requires formal dress.

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on the ground(s) of (line29)

• For reasons of????
• --- John was not employed by the company on the
  grounds of his age.
• ---She is suing the company on the grounds of
  unfair dismissal.
• He was rejected ___ his health.
• A,on the grounds of B.on the reason of
• c. Because d. for the sake of

A
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• Universal
• The Harry Porter books have been __interest.
• A. normal B. entire c.universal d. many

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resistance (line34)

• Opposition ( followed by to)
• ---There is strong resistance to the plan for a
  new chemical plant in this area.
• ---Any attempt to influence our decision will be
  met with the strongest resistance.
• Resistance to sth
• There has been a lot of resistance to this new
  law.

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vote (line 34)

• Express onea choice in favor of ( a person,
  political party,etc.)at an election (used in the
  pattern vote on sth vote for/against)
• ---If we cant agree with each other about the
  plan, lets vote on it
• ---They will vote for George Bush, I think.
• ---The board of school has voted by an
  overwhelming majority to suspend its curriculum
  reform.

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• vote on sth
• for sb.
• against sb
• If we cant agree, well have to ___ on it
  democratically.
• a. choose b. decide c.vote d. bet

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Contemporary (line 37)

• Current modern
• ---She has worked in both classical and
  contemporary.
• ---I like my furniture to be in a contemporary
  style

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• Contemporary n
• ????????
• Persons contemporary with one another
• ????
• He and I were contemporaries at school.
• ?????????
• Keats and Shelley were -ries.
• ??????????

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• Contemporary/ contemporaneous
• contemporary ???????contemporary records of
  events
• ????????
• contemporaneous????contemporaneous events
• ???????

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worship (line 38)

• Feel great love and admiration for (sb./sth.),esp
  to such an extent that one cant see their/its
  faults
• ---Being competent and learned,he was worshipped
  by his students.
• ---Humans have worshiped the sun throughout the
  ages.

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• n.??, ??, ??
• book worship
• ????
• win have worship
• ???????
• with worship in one's eyes
• ??????
• nature worship
• ????????

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to the point of (line

• to a degree that can be described as
• ---The salesmans manner was abrupt to the point
  of rudeness.
• ---To accomplish the task, the employer worked
  his staff to the point of exhaustion
• Cf to the extent that that clause
• to the point of n/n.phrase
• ---- The metal is heated to the point of being
  dangerous.
• ----Violence increased to the extent that
  residents were afraid to leave their home.

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• On the point of doing sth
• -----I was on the point of leaving when the phone
  rang.
• To the point
• ----The message was short and to the point.

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worship (line 38)

• Feel great love and admiration for (sb./sth.),esp
  to such an extent that one cant see their/its
  faults
• ---Being competent and learned,he was worshipped
  by his students.
• ---Humans have worshiped the sun throughout the
  ages.

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• n.??, ??, ??
• book worship
• ????
• win have worship
• ???????
• with worship in one's eyes
• ??????
• nature worship
• ????????

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nothing more than (line40)

• Just the same asonly
• ---Dont be scared.It is nothing more than a
  nightmare.
• ---You neednt report to him. He is nothing more
  than a clerk.

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current (line 47) adj.

• occurring in or existing at the present time
• ---In comparison to the former ones,Coca-Colas
  current advertising campaign is more attractive
  and effective.
• ---The current economic situation is very
  different from that in1990.

71

• adj. n.
• against the current
• ???? ????
• go with the current
• ????
• current English
• ????
• current money
• ?????

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debate (line 47) n.

• Debate on/about
• ---There has been much debate about the cloning
  of human beings.
• ---An intense debate on cease-fire talks with the
  Palestinians was going on within the Israeli
  government.

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• V.
• The government is debating the education laws.
• ?????????????
• ????
• He was debating whether to go for a walk or to
  visit a friend.
• ?????????????

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deny (line57)

• 1) refuse to grant or allow
• deny sb.sth.
• ---The kid was denied the chance of going to
  school.
• ---His ex-wife denied him access to his children.

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• 2) state sth. is not true
• deny sthdeny thatdeny doing sth.
• ---When the police asked her neighbors questions,
  they all denied ever having seen her.
• ---In court the suspect denied that he had been
  involved in the robbery.

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• But it is no more than that(line66)
• ?????
• Paraphrase But its importance should not be
  exaggerated
• ??? no good, no better than , no less than
• ???????????????????
• ---they ve written no fewer than ten letters of
  complaint and still nothings been down.
• ---Each box requires no more than a few hours of
  labour to build.

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accommodation (line 76)

• the process of adapting adjustment
• ---Mutual is of importance especially to newly
  married couples.
• ---It is necessary to seek from both sides in
  the dispute.
• come to an accommodation
• come to terms with????, ????
• Accommodate to ???...???
• Accommodate with??????????

78

• Adjust to
• Adapt to
• Accommodate to
• Accustomed to
• Be accustomed to ??
• Be used to
• Orient to
• Orientate to

79
threat (line 78)

• threat to/from/of/against
• ---There have been death threats against the
  witnesses.
• ---The Hurricane Center warns people not to take
  the threat of tropical storms lightly.
• ---The President said the he would
• stand firm and not give in to the threats from
  terrorists.
• ---The newly built War-Mart will be a threat to
  the local supermarkets.

80
concern (line 81)

• 1) thing that is important or interesting to sb.
• ---What are your main concerns as a college
  student?
• ---Its no concern of mine. ( I am not involved
  in it or I have no responsibility for it)
• 2) worry,anxiety
• Concern for/about/over/that

81

• ---Public concern about corruption has drawn the
  local governments attention.
• ---Our main concern is that students from
  underdeveloped areas are not receiving enough
  education.
• ---There was growing concern over the rise in
  unemployment.

82

• Concerning prep.
• -----Concerning his proposals, there were pros
  and cons.
• ?????????????????
• Concerned adj
• the authorities concerned
• ????