Rachel Carson(1962)?Silent Spring?,?????????(??: DDT)????,??????????????????????????????????,?????????

1
??????????????

• ??????????????
• ??? ?????

2
???????????????

• ????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????
• ?????????????????????

3
?????

• ???????????????
• ??? ??????

4
????

• Rachel Carson(1962)?Silent Spring?,?????????(??
  DDT)????,??????????????????????????????????,??????
  ???
• 1996?????TheoColborn??,?Our Stolen
  Future(?????)??????,???????????(Endocrine
  Disrupting Chemicals, EDCs)???????????,????????,??
  ?????

5

• 1950??,????????????
• ???(Organic Chlorine),?? DDT(Dichlorodiphenyl
  Trichloroethane)????(Dieldrin)?,??????????????????
  ????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??
  ?????

6

• ??????????????????,?????????PCBs?????,????????(M
  inamata Disease),????????(Itai - Itai
  Disease),???????????,????????????????
• ?????????????????,?????,????????(parts per
  billion, ppb),??????????????????

7
?????????

• 1997?USA EPA??
• ???????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???????,??????????????????????

8
????????????

• ??(???)?????
• ???????????????????,???????,??????????DDT?DES(?
  ????)
• ????(Antagonism)
• ??????????????

9
???????

• ??Auger????28-37???????????1973?1992?20??,??50??

10
?????????

• (?)??
• 1.??????(DES) 2.???
• (?)??
• 1.DDT 2.???????
• 3.?????(Dibromo chloropropane, DBCP)
• 4.????
• (?)????
• 1.????(PCBs) 2.???(Organic Tin)
• 3.?????? 4.???
• (?)?????
• 1.??? 2.???
• 3.???????????????

11
DDT

• DDT??????1874??Zeidler??,?????Paul
  Muller?1939???????????,1948???????DDT????????????(
  ??)???????,?Carson?????????????

12
DDT

• 1981?????19-42???????106?,??100?????DDE(DDT?
  ??),94??DDT,???DDT????16ppb(0-124ppb)?DDE
  81ppb(2-717ppb)???????DDT?????0.5ppm(02.710ppm),D
  DE?3.09ppm(0.56015.710ppm)?
• ???????????????????DDT,????????????????,10????
  ?,?????,???????

13

• ???????
• ???(Aldrin)????(Chlordane)????(Dieldrin)????(End
  rin)????(Heptachlor)???(Lindane,
  Hexachlorocyclohexane)?Mirex(???)?Toxaphene(???)??
  
• ?????(Dibromo chloropropane, DBCP)
• ???????,???????

14
(?)???? 1.????(PCBs)

• PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls),??1881?????,1929??
  ?????????????????,????????????????
• PCBs??1968?????????,?????????,???????????????,?PCB
  s??????,??1000?????1979??????????,?1152???,???????
  ?????(Chloracne),????????????

15
????
DDT
16

• PCBs?DDT??????,?????????????????????????????
• ?????PCBs?,????????????????????

Dioxins
Furans
17
??????

• ????????????19851987??????,??????????????????????
  ?,?????????????????(Nonyl phenol)??????,??????????
  ????????????????
• ??????????????????????A(Bisphenol
  A)??,??????,?????,?????A?????????,?????????
• ?????,?????(??????)????,????????????????,?????

18
???????(Nonyl phenol)??????????????????????(Nony
lphenol Polyethoxylate, NPEO)??????????,??????

????
??A
???
19
(?)?????

• 1.???(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dioxins)
• ?????????,?????,??????????????(Environmental
  Orphans)?
• Dioxins?Furans????210???,??Dioxins75?,?
  ?2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated Dibenzodioxin(2,3,7,8-TC
  DD)????,?????????????,???????Furans135??

20

• Dioxins???????????,????????,?????????????
• Dioxins??
• (1)????????????????,??????
• (2)???1997?????90?Dioxins?????,??????????????,???
  ???????????10??,??99????
• (3)????
• (4)??????????

21

• (6)????????????????,???????,????????????
• (7)???????????????????????,???????????
• (8)???????????,????????,???2,3,7,8-TCDD???????
• (9)????????????2,4,5-T(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyace
  tic Acid),?? 2,4,5-TCP(Trichlorophenol)?????Hexac
  hlorophene,??????????

22

• (10)????????????????????,???????(PCDF)?
• (11)?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????
  ???????????
• ???????????????????????????,?????????,????
  ?????????????????????
• (12)???????????,???????????????
• (13)?????????????,??????????????????,????????????
  ???????,?????????????????(??????)?

23
???????????????

• (1)???????????????
• (2)????????
• 1953-1960???????????????100??,?????,???
  ????????????1989????????????????,?????????????????
  ????
• (3)???????????

24
?????????

• (?)??????????????
• ?????????????????????????,???????,???????
  ????????????????
• (?)????????
• ???90?????????????,???????????(styrene)??
  ???,???????(polymer),??????(polystyrene),?????????
  ????????????????????
• ??????????,????,??????????????

25

• (?)??????????????
• ??????????(polycarbonate)???,?????,?????????
  ????????????????????A(bisphenola),????????????
• ?????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??????,????????
• (?)?????????????
• ??????????,????????,??????????,????????
• ???????????,??????????????????????

26

• (?)???????????
• ?????????????????????????????(formaldeh
  yde)????????????????????,?????????,??????????????,
  ????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?(polystyrene foam),???????????,??????????

27

• (?)?????BHA???????
• ?????????,????????BHA ????????????????
• ????????????????????????DMP(?????,dimethylphth
  alate)??DBP(?????)??????????????????????????????,?
  DEP(?????,Diethyl phthalate)??????????????????????
  DOP(?????)??????

28
?????????

• 1.??????????????
• 2.????????????????????
• 3.????????????????,?????????,??????????????,??????
  
• 4.?????,????????????,???????