INTRO TO HORT

1
INTRO TO HORT

• Chapter 9

2
Principles and Methods of pest control

• General principles of pest control
• Control strategies
• Classify pesticides, insecticides, herbicides
• Safe use of equipment and application of
  pesticides

3
Principles of pest control

• Exclusion not introduced
• Eradication curtail its spread
• Protection applying a chemical
• Resistance genetic origin

4
Control strategies for insects

• Biological natural enemies
• Cultural methods used by the grower
• Regulatory government with laws aimed at the
  pathogen

5
Control strategies of diseases

• Exclusion regulation
• Eradication occurs to a limited extent, then
  restricted
• Protection chemicals to prevent
• Resistance plant breeding programs

6
Classification of pesticides

• Insecticides
• Fungicides
• Nematicides
• Rodenticides
• Molluscides
• Miticides
• Aviacides

7
Choosing a pesticide

• Detection
• Identification
• Biology and habits
• Economic importance
• Choice of method
• Application
• Evaluation
• Record keeping

8
Environmental and safety concerns

• Legally approved
• Effective against the pest
• Appropriate for conditions
• Accompanied by detailed instructions
• Relatively safe to humans, environment, animals

9
Pesticide label

• Name of product, net contents
• Company name
• Type of pesticide
• Chemical analysis
• Pest it controls
• Directions for use
• Hazard statement
• Storage and disposal
• EPA stipulations

10
Toxicity and exposure

• LD 50 means lethal dose to kill 50 of the
  population under the test conditions
• Higher the number less toxic is it
• Oral, inhalation, dermal

11
Using pesticides safely

• Choose the correct one
• Purchase only quantities needed
• Read the label and follow instructions
• Wear protective clothing
• Do not eat, drink, smoke
• Apply under best conditions with care
• Know what to do in case of an accident
• Clean and store equipment properly

12
Methods of applying

• Foliar
• Soil
• Seed
• Fruits may be dipped

13
IPM- goals

• Improved control of pests
• Pesticide management
• Economic protection of plants
• Reduction of potential hazards

14
Tools for IPM

• Cultural tools soil preparation, cultivars
• Biological tools natural enemies
• Chemical tools pesticides and applications
• Legislative tools use of law to restrict
  movement of contaminated plants

15
summary

• There are preventative measures that a grower can
  take to help the environment, humans, and animals