Bell Work

1
Bell Work

• Who developed Aquaculture?

2
Introduction to Aquaculture

• Lesson 1
• Area Animal Science
• Unit Aquaculture

3
Objectives

• Define Aquaculture
• Identify how Aquaculture is important to our
  society
• Identify the components of Aquaculture

4
Definition

• Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic
  organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans
  and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of
  intervention in the rearing process to enhance
  production, such as regular stocking, feeding,
  protection from predators, etc. Farming also
  implies individual or corporate ownership of the
  stock being cultivated.

SOURCE FAO FISHERIES CIRCULAR NO. 815 REVISION
8, 1996
5
In Other Words

• The controlled raising of aquatic plants and
  animals in a confined environment.

6
How Long Has Aquaculture Been Around?

• First Developed in Asia
• 3500 BC Chinese raised carp in ponds
• Developed breeding techniques for increased
  production

7
Why has the demand for fish in the US increased?
8
Per Capita Consumption
2003
16.3 lbs./capita
9
Nutritional Comparisons
10
Why is Aquaculture considered the fastest growing
industry in the agriculture sector?
11
World Production
SOURCE USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES
STATISTICS 9600, JULY 1997
12
Why Aquaculture Looks Good to Farmers

• Increased Seafood Consumption
• 16.3 lbs per person in 2003
• Good quality of protein low in fat
• Better Production to Cost Ratio
• 1 1/2 lbs of feed to 1 lb of fish

13
Agriculture vs. Aquaculture
1

• Variable body temperature
• Better converters of foodstuffs
• Requires less energy for body support

1 lb feed 1 lb fish Compared to
2
14
1995 Farm Bill Proposal

• Aquaculture is poised to become a major growth
  industry.

15
U.S. Aquaculture1998

• Food Fish Production increased
• 308 million pounds in 1992
• 768 million pounds in 1998

16
U.S. Aquaculture1998

• Total Value 5.6 Billion
• 181,000 Full-time Jobs
• Fastest Growing Sector Of U.S. Agriculture

17
Aquaculture Sales
18
Value by Category
19
Top States
Source 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
20
Production States
NORTH CENTRAL
NORTHEASTERN
WESTERN
Perch Striped Bass Tilapia
Trout Salmon Shellfish Striped Bass Tilapia
Salmon Shellfish Striped Bass
Catfish Striped Bass Tilapia
SOUTHERN
TROPICAL SUBTROPICAL
Ornamentals, Food and Shellfish
21
Aquaculture Requires

• Land
• Water
• Money
• Training

22
Species Selection

• Producers expertise
• Marketability
• Climate
• Production economics
• Species biology
• Production methods

?
23
Types of Aquaculture

• Food Fish
• Baitfish
• Sport Fish
• Fee Fishing

24
Water Temperature

• Warmwater Range
• 75º 90º F
• Example Tilapia

25
Water Temperature

• Coolwater Range
• 60o 80o F
• Example Bass

26
Water Temperature

• Coldwater Range
• 48o 65o F
• Example Trout

27
Food Fish
28
Food Fish Species

• Catfish
• Tilapia
• Rainbow trout
• Atlantic Salmon
• Shrimp
• Shellfish
• Striped Bass
• Others

29
Baitfish
30
Baitfish Species

• Fathead minnows
• Golden shiners
• Goldfish
• Crawfish
• White suckers

31
Pond and Lake Stockings
32
Pond Stocking Species

• Channel catfish
• Largemouth bass
• Bluegill
• Redear sunfish
• Yellow perch
• Trout

33
Fee Fishing
34
Fee Fishing

• Long-term leases
• Day leases or ticket lakes
• Fish-out or by the pound ponds

35
What are the types of Production Methods used in
Aquaculture?
36
Production Methods

• Ponds
• Cagesand pens
• Raceways
• Closedre-use systems

Source 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS
37
Ponds
Spawning
0.1 acre

• Spawning
• Broodstock
• Hatching of eggs
• Fingerling
• Grow-out to market size

Fingerling
1 acre
Food size
20 acre
38
Carrying Capacity

• Maximum weight that an area can support expressed
  either as lbs/acre or lbs/gal/min

Feed and aeration 2,000 - 8000 lbs/acre
Feed 2,0000 lbs/acre
300 lbs/acre
39
Cages and Pens
4 feet
4 feet
4 feet
40
Cage Culture

• Allows deep farm ponds or lakes to be used for
  production
• Low investment
• Decrease in production
• rate

41
Raceways
42
Raceways

• Yield
• 15-20,000 lbs for every 500 gallon/min flow.

Concrete Raceway
Earthen Raceway
43
Water Re-use Systems
H2O
44
Re-circulating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) Layout
45
RAS
Biological Filters
Solids Filter
Tank
Aeration
46
How can fish be marketed?
47
Market Techniques

• Direct Marketing
• Wholesale
• Whole fish
• Headed and gutted
• Fillets
• Steaks
• Value added

48
Conclusion

• Aquaculture is a fast growing industry with many
  possibilities for production and marketing.