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Classical Conditioning

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Phases of Classical conditioning. Acquisition. Extinction - decrease ... Operant Conditioning. B.F. Skinner is the key author. Basic theory: Stimulus Response ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Classical Conditioning


1
Classical Conditioning
  • Key author/researcher Ivan Pavlov
  • Pavlov was a physiologist studying digestion he
    gathered saliva from dogs.

2
Key concepts
  • Unconditioned stimulus ?Unconditioned response
  • Conditioned response
  • conditioned stimulus ?

3
Why does Classical conditioning occur?
  • Temporal Arrangements
  • Simultaneous conditioning
  • Trace conditioning
  • Short-delayed conditioning

4
Phases of Classical conditioning
  • Acquisition
  • Extinction - decrease in CR occurs when CS alone
  • Stimulus generalization Watson and Rayners
    Little Albert
  • Stimulus discrimination
  • In real life, CC helps to explain/treat phobias

5
Operant Conditioning
  • B.F. Skinner is the key author
  • Basic theory
  • Stimulus ? Response
  • The response is either reinforced or punished.

6
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7
Schedules of reinforcment
  • Continuous
  • most effective for acquiring new responses.
  • Intermittent
  • more resistant to extinction.
  • 4 types
  • fixed ratio/ variable ratio
  • fixed interval/ variable interval

8
Disadvantages of physical punishment
  • It usually occurs out of rage.
  • The recipient responds with fear, anxiety, rage.
  • The effects are temporary.
  • Difficult to follow immediately.
  • Conveys little information.
  • The attention may reinforce.

9
Suggestions in using physical punishment
  • Use as a last resort.
  • Discuss the reasons for the punishment.
  • Only use enough to be effective
  • Offer an opportunity for positive behavior.

10
Principles of Reinforcement
  • Defined after the response.
  • Individually specific what works for person A
    may not work for person B.
  • Changes within the individual.
  • It should be given immediately. The longer the
    delay the slower the change in behavior.

11
Social Learning theory or Observational learning.
  • Albert Bandura is the key researcher/ author.
  • Learning occurs through imitation/ modeling.
  • For learning to occur, the individual must pay
    attention, retain the information, reproduce the
    behavior and have motivation. (ARRM)
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