II'THE SOVIET UNION

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II. THE SOVIET UNION
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR) Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh
Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (CCCP)              
                                                  
                        
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A. USSR
In 1917, the Russian Empire collapsed and civil
war broke out
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      After
civil war ended in 1922, Russia was renamed the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
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II. THE SOVIET UNION
                                                
                                         The
USSR was founded with four republics
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II. THE SOVIET UNION
When it dissolved in 1991, it became a
confederation of 15 republics that are now
independent countries
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      The
Bolsheviks, led by V. I. Lenin, wanted to remake
Russia following the ideas of Karl Marx
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      Karl Marx
was a 19th century German philosopher
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      Marx
argued that business leaders kept workers poor to
maintain power and wealth
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      Lenin and
the Bolsheviks took control of all the farms and
factories
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                    The Soviet
Union was a one-party, totalitarian state
Vladimir Lenin
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A. USSR

•                                                   
                                       
• Economic and political decisions were made by
  Communist leaders in Moscow

The Kremlin in Moscow
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      After
Lenins death in 1924, a brutal dictator named
Joseph Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union
Lenin
Stalin
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A. USSR
                                                  
                                      Stalin
promoted a single Russian culture and other
ethnic groups were suppressed
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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                                      The USSRs
land area was enormous
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B. Soviet economic geography
Stalin established goals based on a series of
5-year plans
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B. Soviet economic geography
The government decided what crops would be grown
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B. Soviet economic geography
It decided what and where industries would be
built
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B. Soviet economic geography
The government decided how much workers would be
paid
A Soviet propaganda poster showing a uniformed
railway worker. The caption on the poster
translates to "Be vigilant at your post."
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B. Soviet economic geography
Farmland in the USSR came under government
control - collectivization
'Komsomol Members (Soviet Youth)  - Go into the
front ranks of the Bolshevik Shock Brigade for
sowing'. (1930)
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B. Soviet economic geography
Food production was inadequate and production
fell - millions died from starvation
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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                               Stalins
collectivization drive from 1929 1933 wrecked a
flourishing agricultural system and alienated the
Soviet peasants from the land 15 million people
were left homeless - 1 million were sent to labor
camps and some 12 million deported to Siberia. In
subsequent years, millions of the peasants forced
into collectives died.
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B. Soviet economic geography
Under the five-year plans, dramatic industrial
growth took place
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B. Soviet economic geography
Mines were developed to extract natural resources

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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                                      Dams were
built for hydropower
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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                                     
Heavy equipment industries appeared in many cities
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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                                    The Soviet
Union became a world leader in industry, but the
quality of their products was often low
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B. Soviet economic geography
                                                  
                                    The
government ignored the impact of pollution on
people and the environment
Children w/o limbs born 1985 to 1990 in Moscow.
Most research points to environmental
contamination as a cause
Local streams, lakes and ponds are biologically
dead
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Forest are being destroyed by pollution from a
nickel plant. Trees, even dozens of miles away,
die of acid rain and thus are susceptible to
forest fires
Children of suburban Baku use the pools of runoff
from dilapidated and leaky oil pumps as
substitutes for missing playgrounds
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The Aral Sea 1957 - 2000