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Phase Equilibria in the Ternary
Ag-In-Pd-System   Olga Semenova and Herbert
Ipser Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
Universität Wien,Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Wien,
Austria
The phase equilibria in the ternary Ag-In-Pd
system were studied by a combination of powder
X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential thermal
analysis (DTA), metallography, and electron-probe
microanalysis (EPMA). Ternary phase equilibria
and phase compositions were determined within the
isothermal sections at 200, 500 and 700oC by
powder X-ray diffractometry. Several samples were
investigated by electron-probe microanalysis to
fix the phase boundaries. For the construction of
the liquidus surface in the entire composition
range and the investigation of ternary phase
reactions, samples were analyzed by differential
thermal analysis. This study is a part of a
project within the European COST 531 Action.
Indium has been identified as a possible
component of new lead-free solder alloys,
Sn-10In-xAg or Sn-20In-xAg (Indalloy). Since
palladium or nickel-palladium alloys are
frequently used as metallization in the
production of electronic circuits the reaction
products between Ag-In-Sn solders and palladium
contacts are of interest. The ternary Ag-In-Pd
system is the starting point for the elucidation
of the quaternary Ag-In-Pd-Sn system. In this
work the phase equilibria in the ternary Ag-In-Pd
system at 200, 500 and 700C were investigated.
Two sets of samples were prepared by induction
melting and then annealed at 200C (2 weeks),
500C (4 weeks) and 700C (6 weeks).
EPMA on polished samples was carried out on a
Cameca SX 100 electron probe (Cameca, Courbevoie,
France) applying wavelength dispersive
spectroscopy (WDS). The beam current was 20 nA at
a voltage of 15 kV. For quantitative analysis Ag
Lb, In Lb and Pd La characteristic X-ray lines
were used. Pure Ag, Pd and the stoichiometric
compound InSb served as a standard material for
quantitative analysis. The EPMA data presented in
Table 3.
Table 3 EPMA Data on the Phase Composition
Table 1 Chemical and Phase Composition of
Ag-In-Pd alloys of series C


 
 
Fig.2. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 500oC
Table 2 Chemical and Phase Composition
of Ag-In-Pd alloys of series D
Pd
100
0
10
90

DTA measurements were carried out in evacuated
quartz glass tubes on a DTA 404S/3 (Netzsch,
Selb, Germany). A sample mass of about 0.3 g was
used, and the heating rate was 2 K/min.
fcc
20
80
InPd3
30
70
_______________
fccInPd3InPd2
InPd2
40
60
In3Pd5
_______________
fccInPd2In3Pd5
50
50
InPd
fccInPdIn3Pd5
60
In3Pd2
40
____
70
LIn7Pd3In3Pd2
30
fccInPd
In7Pd3
80
20
fccInPdIn3Pd2
Pd
90
10
LIn7Pd3
0
100
100
10
0
L
90
In
Ag
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
fcc
20
LIn3Pd2
80
fccz
Lz
z
LzIn3Pd2
fccIn3Pd2
fcczIn3Pd2
InPd3
30
70
fccInPd3
_______________
InPd2
fccInPd3InPd2
40
In3Pd5
60
fccInPd2In3Pd5
________
fccInPdIn3Pd5
XRD powder patterns were obtained with a
Guinier-Huber film chamber using CuK?1 radiation
and employing an internal standard of high purity
Si for precise lattice parameters determination.
For the construction of the corresponding
ternary isotherms the experimental results of
XRD, DTA, metallography, and EPMA investigations
were combined. Ternary isothermal cross sections
were constructed on the base of binary diagrams
1,2, 3, 4,5.
Fig.3. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 700oC
50
50
Pd
InPd
__
60
LInPdIn3Pd2
100
0
40
In3Pd2
10
70
90
30
fcc
20
fccInPd
80
80
LIn3Pd2
20
____________________
LInPd
LfccInPd
InPd3
70
30
90
10
InPd2
fccInPd3InPd2
L
40
In3Pd5
60
100
0
InPd
fccInPd2In3Pd5
Ag
In
50
50
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
In3Pd2
fccInPdIn3Pd5
40
60
References 1 Y.C.Sun and Z.H.Lee, J.Mater.Sci
Materials in Medicine, 11 (2000), 301 2
H.Falndorfer, J. Alloys and Comp. 336 (2002),
176 3 T.B.Massalski, Binary Alloys Phase
Diagrams, v.1, p.74 4 C.Jiang and Z.-K.Liu,
Metall. and Mater.Transac. A, 33A, (2202), 3597
5 Z.Moser, W.Gasior, J.Pstrus, W.Zakulski,
I.Ohnuma, X.J.Liu, Y.Inohana, and
K.Ishida, J. Elecronic. Mater., 30 (2001), 1120
fccInPd
zIn3Pd2In7Pd3
30
70
In7Pd3
80
20
fccInPdIn3Pd2
LIn7Pd3
90
10
zLIn7Pd3
Fig.1. Ag-In-Pd Isothermal Cross Section at 200oC
L
100
0
Acknowlegment Financial support of this study by
the Austrian Science Foundation (under project
No. P15620-CHE) is gratefully acknowledged.
In
Ag
100
90
30
20
10
0
80
40
70
60
50
fccz
z
Ag2In
zIn3Pd2
zIn7Pd3
zAg2In