Cellular Reproduction

1
Cellular Reproduction

• A. Basis of heredity
• B. Nucleic Acid
• C. Central Dogma of Genetics
• DNA RNA Protein

2
Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

• A. Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own
  DNA and genetic machinery
• B. Free-living organelles and primitive
  Eukaryotic cell Modern Eukaryotic Cell

3
Centromere Location

• A. Metacentric
• B. Submetacentric
• C. Acrocentric (p arm and q arm)
• D. Telocentric

4
Chromosomes

• A. Karyotype
• B. Autosome
• C. Sex Chromosome
• D. Haploid (N)
• E. Diploid (2N)

5
Biparental Inheritance

• Diploid organisms contain 2 copies of each gene
• 1. Allele
• 2. Locus
• 3. Banding pattern 17q21
• 17th chromosome
• long arm
• band number 21

6
Cell Cycle

• Interphase - longest phase of the cell cycle
• A. G1- preparation for DNA synthesis or a
  nonproliferative state (quiescent G0)
• B. S - DNA replication
• C. G2 - preparation for cell division/ volume
  has doubles

7
Cell Cycle

• Checkpoints (G1, G2, M)
• A. Usually controlled by cdc kinases (enzymes)
  and cyclins (proteins)
• B. Cdc kinases add phosphate to cyclins (cdk
  proteins)

8
Checkpoints

• A. G1 - monitors cell size
• - observes DNA damage
• B. G2 - monitors DNA replication
• - detects DNA damage
• C. M - monitors spindle fiber formation
• and attachment

9
G1/M Checkpoint

• A. p53 gene (tumor supressor gene) -
• produces protein involved in apoptosis
• B. If p53 gene is mutated, cell will
• replicated DNA damaged cells
• C. Cancer

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Cell Division

• 1. Mitosis
• 2. Meiosis
• 3. Kinetochore
• 4. Spindle Fibers
• 5. Chromosome

• 6. Centromere
• 7. Centriole
• 8. Cytokinesis
• 9. Cell plate
• 10. Cell furrow

12
Cellular Reproduction

• A. Basis of heredity
• B. Nucleic Acid
• C. Central Dogma of Genetics
• DNA RNA Proteins

13
Kinds of Cells

• A. Eukaryotic Cells - true nucleus
• B. Prokaryotic Cells - 1) Bacteria
  2) Archaea