Skeletal System

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Skeletal System
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Types of Skeletons

• There are 2 types of skeleton.

Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Example Humans Endoskeleton basically means that
the skeleton is inside the body. Endo meaning
within.
Example Crabs, lobster, Shrimp etc Exoskeleton
means that the skeleton is outside of the body
which allows it to have that hard shell. Exo
meaning outside of the body.
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The Human Skeleton

• The newborn human body consist of about 300
  bones. But when the body reaches certain ages,
  certain bones start to fuse together which lower
  the number. When a body reaches adulthood it
  usually has around 206 bones.

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The Human Skull

• The skull is mainly to protect the cranium so it
  does not get damaged. Because damage of the brain
  could permanently affect you in very harsh ways.
  But it also has the job of protecting our senses
  so we are still able to use them.

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Osteoporosis

• Most common bone disease in the world.
• The majority of all the people that have it are
  women that are the age of 45.
• Osteoporosis is where the bone is smaller then
  normal and is more fragile.
• This will cause the bones to break easier.
• Usually the process will be painless up until the
  point where the bone breaks.

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Type of Joints

• Suture joint- a tight joint that sutures crack.
  Example- the skull
• Ball-and-socket joint- a joint sutures itself by
  a ball on one bone and a socket on the other.
  Examples- hips-pelvis and arm and shoulder
• Hinge joint- a joint that works like a door
  hinge. Examples- arms and knees
• Arthrodial joint-A synovial joint in which the
  opposing surfaces are nearly planes and in which
  there is only a slight, gliding motion.
  Example-hands
• Condyal joint-A modified biaxial ball-and-socket
  joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated
  or ellipsoidal. Example- arms

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Word Definitions

• Bone- Mortal remains.
• Cartilage- Tough connective parts of the body.
• Joint- Area where adjacent bones meet or
  articulate.
• Marrow- The spinal chord.
• Ossification- The natural process of bone
  formation.
• Osteocyte- a branched cell embedded in the matrix
  of bone tissue.
• Pectoral Girdle- A bony cartilaginous structure
  in vertebrates.
• Humerus- The long bone or forelimb extending from
  the shoulder elbow.
• Ulna-The bone extending from the elbow to the
  wrist on the side opposite to the thumb in
  humans.
• Radius- A long, prismatic, slightly curved bone,
  the shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones,
  located on the lateral side of the ulna.
• Carpals- A bone of the carpus.
• Metacarpals- Any of the bones of the metacarpus

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Word Definitions (Continued)

• Phalanges- Any of the bones of the metacarpus.
• Skull- The bony or cartilaginous framework of the
  head of vertebrates, made up of the bones of the
  braincase and face cranium.
• Mandible- The lower jaw of a vertebrate animal.
• Sternum- A long flat bone in most vertebrates
  that is situated along the ventral midline of the
  thorax and articulates with the ribs. The
  manubrium of the sternum articulates with the
  clavicles in humans and certain other
  vertebrates.
• Rib Cage-The enclosing structure formed by the
  ribs and the bones to which they are attached.
• Vertebral Column- the series of vertebrae forming
  the axis of the skeleton and protecting the
  spinal cord.
• Pelvic Girdle- A bony or cartilaginous structure
  in vertebrates, attached to and supporting the
  hind limbs or fins. Also called pelvic arch.
• Femur- A bone of the leg situated between the
  pelvis and knee in humans. It is the largest and
  strongest bone in the body.

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Word Definitions (Continued)

• Patella- A flat triangular bone located at the
  front of the knee joint. Also called kneecap.
• Tibia- The inner and larger of the two bones of
  the lower human leg, extending from the knee to
  the ankle.
• Fibula- The outer and narrower of two bones of
  the human lower leg, extending from the knee to
  the ankle.
• Tarsal- Of or relating to the tarsus of the
  eyelid the tarsal ligaments.
• Metatarsals- Any of the bones of the metatarsus