THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

1
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• CHAPTER 4
• MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2
Anatomy and Physiology of a Muscle

• Three types of muscles that make up the primary
  tissues of the system
• Make up about 42 of a persons body weight
• Composed of long slender fibers
• Muscles consist of a group of fibers held
  together by connective tissue enclosed in a
  fibrous sheath known as the fascia
• Each fiber within a muscle receives its own nerve
  impulses and has its own stored supply of
  glycogen which it uses as an energy source

3
TYPES OF MUSCLES

• SKELETAL MUSCLES
• SMOOTH MUSCLES
• CARDIAC MUSCLE

4
SKELETAL/SMOOTH MUSCLES

• SKELETAL MUSCLES
• STRIATED MUSCLES--have a striped appearance
• VOLUNTARY MUSCLES--contractions can be controlled
  voluntarily

5
Skeletal Muscles

• There are 600 skeletal muscles
• Controlled by the conscious part of the brain
• Attach to bones
• Vary in size, shape, arrangement of fibers, and
  means of attachment to bones
• Have three distinct parts body, origin, and
  insertion

6
Skeletal Muscles

• Have two or more attachments.
• The fixed attachment is known as the origin
• The point of attachment of a muscle to the part
  that is moves is the point of insertion
• These muscles are typically attached through
  tendons which can vary in length from less than 1
  inch to more than 1 foot
• Aponeurosis is the wide, thin,sheet-like tendon

7
SKELETAL/SMOOTH MUSCLES

• SMOOTH MUSCLES
• UNSTRIATED MUSCLES--no striped appearance
• INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES--contractions can not be
  controlled voluntarily

• SKELETAL MUSCLES
• STRIATED MUSCLES--have a striped appearance
• VOLUNTARY MUSCLES--contractions can be controlled
  voluntarily

8
CARDIAC MUSCLE

• MYOCARDIUM
• is striped in appearance but a smooth muscle in
  action
• CARDIAC MUSCLE forms the wall of the heart

9
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES

• MOVEMENT
• CONTRACTION
• RELAXATION
• POSTURE
• HEAT PRODUCTION

10
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

• EXTENSION
• FLEXION
• ABDUCTION
• ADDUCTION
• ELEVATION

11
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

• DEPRESSION
• ROTATION
• CIRCUMDUCTION
• PRONATION
• SUPINATION

• EXTENSION
• FLEXION
• ABDUCTION
• ADDUCTION
• ELEVATION

12
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

• ORIGIN INSERTION
• ACTION
• FIBER DIRECTION
• NUMBER OF DIVISIONS
• LOCATION
• SHAPE
• SIZE

13
(No Transcript)