GIT Tuturial -GIT Commands

1
Git Tutorials Git Commands
Git

• What is Git?
• GIT is an open source Distributed Version Control
  System (DVCS) which records changes made in your
  project or a set of files laying emphasis on
  speed, data integrity and distributed,
  non-linear workflows.
• Git is one of the best version control tools
  available in the present market. This emerging
  star was first developed by Linus Torvalds, the
  creator of the Linux kernel. There is no
  singular centralized code base that the code can
  be pulled from, and different branches are
  responsible for hosting different areas of the
  code.
• Git is fast and efficient and is used by system
  administrators and open-source projects to power
  their repositories.
• Goals of Git
• Speed
• Support for non-linear development
• Fully distributed
• Able to handle large projects efficiently
• Each update in the code is recorded in Gits
  history, which is stored in a data
• structure called a Git repository. This
  repository is the core of Git.
• Why Git?
• Feature branch workflow

2
Each branch function in an isolated environment
while updates are made in the codebase. This
way, its ensured that the master branch always
has the production-quality code Pull Requests

• A developer calls a pull request to ask another
  developer to merge one of
• his/her branches into the others code repository
• Makes it easy for project leaders to monitor and
  track code changes
• Community
• Very popular, widely used, and accepted as
  standard version control system by
• the vast majority within the developers
  community.
• Large number of Git users make it easy to resolve
  issues and seek outside help using online
  forums.
• Git Basics
• File States
• There are three main states that your Git files
  can reside in
• In your local repo (Committed)
• HEAD last commit snapshot, next parent
• Checked-out and modified but not yet committed
  (working directory)
• Sandbox contents unpacked into actual files
• Or, in-between, in a staging area
• Staged files are ready to be committed
• A commit saves a snapshot of the current state of
  staging area

3

• Index proposed next commit snapshot
• The remote repository (git directory) is the
  server where all the collaborators upload
  changes made to the file, it is where the work
  from all developers gets integrated.

• Basic Git Workflow
• Modify the files in your working directory.
• Move the files to the staging area by staging
  them adding snapshots of them to your staging
  area.
• Commit, which takes the files in the staging area
  and stores that snapshot permanently to your Git
  directory.
• Git generates a unique ID which is a 40 character
  string of hex digits for each commit and refers
  to the commits by this ID rather than the version
  number

4

• Branching Merging
• A branch in Git is lightweight and the pointer
  always points to one of the commits.
• The default branch name in Git is master.
• Each time a commit is made, the master branch
  pointer moves forward automatically.
• Features Of Git
• Free and open source
• Git is released under GPL (General Public
  License) open source license. You dont need to
  purchase Git. It is absolutely free. As its open
  source, the source code can be modified as per
  requirements.
• Speed
• Since there is no dependency on a network
  connection, the performance is really fast for
  all operations. Performance tests done by Mozilla
  have proved that its way faster than other
  version control systems. Fetching version
  history from a locally stored repository is much
  faster than fetching it from the remote server.

5

• Scalable
• Git is quite scalable. Git can easily handle if
  the number of collaborators
• increase. The data stored on the clients side is
  very small as Git compresses
• the huge data through a lossless compression
  technique.
• Reliable
• Since every contributor has a local repository,
  if the system crashes, the lost
• data can be recovered from any of the local
  repository. There is always a backup of all
  files. The Git history is stored in a way that
  the version ID of a particular version (a commit
  in Git terms) depends upon the complete
  development history leading up to that commit.
• Non-linear
• Git includes specific tools for visualizing and
  navigating a non-linear
• development history and supports rapid branching
  and merging. A change will be merged more often
  that it is written, when its passed around
  various reviewers, is what Git assumes. Branches
  in Git are very lightweight. A branch in Git is
  just a reference to a particular commit. With the
  knowledge about the parental commits, the full
  branch structure can be constructed.
• Branching
• Branching is a very powerful feature of git.
  Branch management with Git is very simple. It
  takes just a few seconds to create, delete or
  merge branches. For every change to the
  codebase, feature branches provide an isolated
  environment. Whenever a developer wants to work
  on something, no matter what the size, he will
  always create a new branch. So, this way it is
  ensured that the master branch always contains
  production-quality code.
• Distributed
• Git provides each developer a local copy of the
  complete development
• history, and changes are copied from one such
  repository to another. These changes are
  imported as additional development branches, and
  can be merged in the same manner as a local
  branch.
• Greater collaboration
• A major benefit of the Git workflow is increased
  collaboration. Git helps
• teams to talk to each other early and more
  frequently, enabling them to share
• feedback and integrate suggestions. The ease with
  which the Git repositories can be accessed,
  makes it simple for the users across the
  organization to collaborate and spot errors
  quickly, resulting in better and more stable code.

6

• Git A Giant Leap Toward DevOps
• DevOps is about completely removing process
  bottlenecks, quicker feedback, shortening
  development cycle and improving overall software
  lifecycle.
• A sensible way to start on the DevOps path is to
  learn how to use a version control system such
  as Git. Git is an integral part of DevOps.
• Git plays an important role in managing the code
  that the collaborators commit to the shared
  repository. This code is then extracted to
  perform continuous integration, to create a
  build and test it on the test server and finally
  deploy it on the production.
• Git enables communication between the development
  and operations team,
• commit messages play a vital role in information
  exchange. The deployable bits and pieces all lie
  in the Version Control system like Git.
• Git alone might not be able to overcome the
  barriers between Dev and Ops but it surely
  provides some remarkable capabilities that make a
  big difference to the IT organizations, giving
  substantial benefits, like
• They are about twice as likely to exceed
  profitability, market share and productivity
  goals.
• Their employees reported far higher levels of job
  satisfaction.
• They realize 50 percent higher market
  capitalization growth over a three-year period.
• Git provides both the capabilities that
  characterize high performing IT organizations
  version control of production artifacts and peer
  review of updates.
• Let us now look at the Git Commands.

Workshop on Certified DevOps Foundation
?
99 USD
7
?
Workshop on Certified DevOps Professional
295 USD
Get DevOps Certified
?
Buy Certifications
Git Commands
Command Usage
git init project-name Creates a new local repository with the specified argument
git status Lists all new or modified files to be committed
git config --global user.name user- name Defines the name you want associated with your commit transactions
git config --global user. Email "user- email-address" Defines the email address you want associated with your commit transactions
git config --global color.ui auto Turns on colorization of command line output
git add file Prepares the file for commit by logically moving it to the staged area
git ls-files --stage Lists all the files in the staged area
git commit -m "commit message" Adds the staged files permanently in version history
git diff Shows unstaged file differences
8
git diff --staged Shows file differences between staging and the last file version
git branch List branches (the asterisk denotes the current branch)
git checkout branch-name Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory
git merge branch-name Combines the specified branchs history into the current branch
git branch -d branch-name Deletes the specified branch
git rm file Deletes the file from the working directory and the staging area
git log Lists version history for the current branch
git log --oneline Lists version history in one line for the current branch
git log oneline decorate --graph Lists version history in one line, decorated in graphical form for the current branch
git push alias branch Uploads all local branch commits to remote repository
git pull Downloads from remote repository and incorporates changes
git clone repository-url Clones an existing repository
git rebase branch Rebases your current HEAD onto branch
git stash Temporarily stores all modified tracked files
Workshop on Certified DevOps Foundation
?
99 USD
9
Workshop on Certified DevOps Professional
?
295 USD
?
Get DevOps Certified
Buy Certifications
Installing Git on Windows
Step 1 Go to https//www.git-scm.com/. Click on
Download latest version for Windows.
Step 2 You will view the below screen. Download
has started and the .exe file is downloading.
10
Step 3 Click on Next when this popup window
opens.
Step 4 Check the below options and click Next.
11
Step 5 The below screen comes. Click Next.
Step 6 Choose the appropriate option and click
Next.
12
Step 7 Choose the library option and click on
Next.
Step 8 Choose the checkout option and click Next.
13
Step 9 Choose the emulator and click Next.
Step 10 Choose configuration options and click
on Install.
14
Step 11 Once the installation completes, the Git
GUI opens.
After installing Git in your Windows system, just
open your folder/directory where you want to
store all your project files right click and
select Git Bash here.
15
We will run the commands on Windows and
operations using Git Bash. Git Bash is a
text-only command line interface for using Git on
Windows which provides features to run automated
scripts. Now, let us open Git Bash and run some
Git commands 1. git init repository-name
To view the git folder, you use the command ls
-la as it is a hidden folder.
2. git config
16
3. git add . or git add filename
4. git commit
5. git status
6. git checkout -b branchname
7. git log
17
8. git ls-files stage
9. git diff
10. git merge
18
(No Transcript)