History of automobile industry

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Crown Auto and Fleet Services
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Crown Auto and Fleet Services
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HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE

• Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit mission
  in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle
  around 1672.
• Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited
  with building the first self-propelled mechanical
  vehicle or automobile in about 1769.

Cugnots steam wagon
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A photograph of the original Benz Patent
Motorwagen, first built in 1885

• His first Motorwagen was built in 1885.
• About 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and
  1893.
• In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first
  internal-combustion flat engine, called a
  boxermotor in German.
• During the last years of the nineteenth century,
  Benz was the largest automobile company in the
  world with 572 units produced.

BOXOR MOTOR
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HENRY FORD

• Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford
  Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines
  used in mass production.
• His introduction of the Model T automobile
  revolutionized transportation and American
  industry.
• The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of
  affordable automobiles was debuted by Ransom Olds
  at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902. This concept
  was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in
  1914.

HENRY FORD
RANSOM E. OLDS
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FORD MODEL T

• Introduced the moving assembly line and Model T
  in 1908-1909.
• Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of a Ford
  assembly line workers wages in 1908 to less than
  3 months in 1916.
• This brought millions of middle-class families
  into the market for autos.

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FORD MODEL T, 1915

• The car was very simple to drive, and easy and
  cheap to repair.
• By 1920, half the cars in the world were Model T
  Fords!
• Product diversity, options strictly limited by
  Ford to maximize standardization, production
  efficiency. (You can have any color car you
  want, so long as its black.)

FORD MASHTANG, 2009
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-32, rebounded
  slowly.
• GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s sales levels by
  end of the 1930s Ford continued to languish under
  the increasingly erratic leadership of Henry
  Ford, who was quite unhinged by the end of the
  decade.
• Ford would have gone bankrupt without WWII.

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WORLD WAR II

• Military procurement contracts increased demand.
• Most of the auto industry in Europe, Japan
  effectively bombed out of existence.
• Technological improvements made during the war
  were applied to postwar auto production.
• Better automatic transmissions
• Functional power steering and brakes
• V-8 engines
• Air conditioning

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ENGINE TYPES
DIESEL ENGINE

• Diesel-engined cars have long been popular in
  Europe with the first models being introduced as
  early as 1922 by Peugeot.
• The main benefit of diesel engines is a 50 fuel
  burn efficiency compared with 27 in the best
  gasoline engines.
• Many diesel-powered cars can run with little or
  no modifications on 100 biodiesel and
  combinations of other organic oils.

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GASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINE

• Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel
  in being lighter and able to work at higher
  rotational speeds and they are the usual choice
  for fitting in high-performance sports cars.
• Continuous development of gasoline engines for
  over a hundred years has produced improvements in
  efficiency and reduced pollution.
• Most gasoline engine cars can also run on LPG
  with the addition of an LPG tank and carburetor
  modifications to add an LPG mixer.

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ELECTRIC CAR

• An electric car uses electric motors and motor
  controllers for propulsion, in place of more
  common propulsion methods such as the internal
  combustion engine.
• Electric cars are commonly powered by on-board
  battery packs, and as such are battery electric
  vehicles (BEVs).

TESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTER
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HYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARS

• When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most
  often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle.
• These encompass such vehicles as the
• Toyota Prius
• Toyota Camry Hybrid
• Ford Escape Hybrid
• Toyota Highlander Hybrid
• Honda Insight
• Honda Civic Hybrid

HONDA INSIGHT
TOYOTA PRIUS
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BENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILES

• Replacement of horse and carriage.
• Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more
  consistent), more controllable/reliable.
• More sanitary - dead horses and manure problems.
• Development of mass production and assembly line.
• Supply chain economic boom.
• Independence.
• Employment.

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MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

• Air pollution.
• Materials consumption.
• Autos themselves and consumables.
• One way cars create pollution is by contributing
  to the amount of ground-level ozone.
• Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded
  gasoline.
• Global warming.
• Energy use.

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