Environmental Physiology

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Environmental Physiology

• Chapter 29

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Body temperature (ºC)
Dark cycle
Metabolic Rate (ml O2/hr)
Light cycle
Heart Rate (beats/min)
Plasma Growth Hormone (mg/dl)
Plasma Cortisol (mg/dl)
Fig. 29-1, pg 879
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Minute Ventilation, liters/min
PO2. mmHg
Fig. 29-2, pg 882
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Hypoxia
Air
Air
Minute Ventilation (liters/min)
Time (hours)
Fig. 29-3, pg 883
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Ventilation
Cardiac output
Circulating hemoglobin
Cell efficiency (metabolic)
Work capacity
Months
Years
Weeks
Days
Fig. 29-6, pg 884
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O2 17 CO2 4 N2 79
O2 14.5 CO2 5.5 N2 80
Hyperventilation
Normal Ventilation
Descent
O2 11 CO2 3 N2 86
Fig. 29-9, pg 885
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Before
During dive
After dive
Heart rate (beats/minute)
Time (seconds)
Fig. 29-10, pg 886
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1 liter
Sea level
1/2 liter
1/4 liter
Depth (feet)
1/8 liter
Fig. 29-11, pg 887
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Mask
Demand valve
First stage valve
Hose
Air cylinders
Fig. 29-12, pg 887
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Air
Pure O2
Alveoli
PO2 100 mm Hg PCO2 40 mm Hg PN2 573 mm
Hg PH2O 47 mm Hg Total 760 mm Hg
PO2 668 mm Hg PCO2 45 mm Hg PH2O 47 mm
Hg Total 760 mm Hg
Mixed venous blood
PO2 40 mm Hg PCO2 45 mm Hg PN2 573 mm
Hg PH2O 47 mm Hg Total 705 mm Hg
PO2 55 mm Hg PCO2 45 mm Hg PH2O 47 mm
Hg Total 147 mm Hg
Normal lung
Atelectasis
Fig. 29-16, pg 891
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Dive
1G (- 4G) -3G
Loop
1G 3G 4G
(b)
(a)
Fig. 29-17, pg 893
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Cold Receptors
Integration of Thermal Signals
Sympathetic Discharge
Cutaneous Vasoconstriction
Piloerection
Accelerated Heart Respiration Rate
Stimulation of Hypothalamus
Stimulation of Thyroid and Adrenal Glands
Stimulation of Shivering Thermogenesis
Increased Metabolism and Heat Production
Fig. 29-19, pg 896
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Before exposure
Cold exposure
Acclimatization
Body temperature
Metabolic rate
Skin temperature
Food intake
Fig. 29-20, pg 896
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Lumen of bronchus
To trachea
Dust particles
(a)
Ciliated epitheal cell
Gel layer
Mucus
Sol layer
Goblet cell
Cilia
(b)
Fig. 29-21, pg 900
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Engine Exhaust
Smelters (Lead Copper)
Paint
Water
Lead in Air, Food and Water
Lungs
Digestive Tract
Blood
Feces
Deposited (Bone, Gut, Renal, Nervous)
Excreted in Urine
Fig. 29-22, pg 901
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Brain and spinal cord
Circulatory system
Bone
Kidneys
Gut
Fig. 29-23, pg 901
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Frontal cortex (affects personality)
Organic mercury
Visual cortex (affects vision)
Cerebellum (affects balance)
Liver
Inorganic mercury
Kidney
Gut
Fig. 29-24, pg 902
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Lungs 3
Liver 14
Kidneys 33
Fig. 29-25, pg 902
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Citric acid cycle
Coenzyme-2H
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP
ADP PO4
Fig. 29-26, pg 902