ENVIRONMENTAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

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ENVIRONMENTALEXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
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ENVIRONMENT

• The sum total of all the conditions and
  elements which make up the surroundings and
  influence the development of an individual. This
  course primarily focuses on the thermal
  environment, influences of barometric pressure
  (hypobaria and hyperbaria), quality of air, and
  microgravity.

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ECOLOGY

• Branch of biology that deals with the relations
  between living organisms and their environment.
  An organism is the center of an ecosystem and is
  influenced by a multitude of living things and
  yet capable of resisting to some extent the
  impact of the environment.

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CONFORMING VERSUS REGULATING ORGANISMS

• The internal conditions of conforming organisms
  are more closely related to the conditions of the
  surrounding environment whereas the regulating
  organisms are capable of maintaining a relatively
  constant internal environment (homeostasis)
  despite widely fluctuating environmental
  conditions

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REGULATING ORGANISMS

• Humans are an excellent example of regulating
  organisms and because of this ability, the human
  is referred to as a homeotherm or warm-blooded
  organism and consequently can survive in diverse
  environments (ecosystems).

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CONFORMING ORGANISMS

• Poikilotherm is a cold blooded animal and
  although they tend to have a wider range of
  internal variation, they tend to have a narrower
  environmental survival range than a homeotherm
  because of a lesser ability to regulate their
  internal environment.

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CONFORMING VERSUS REGULATING ORGANISMS
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Early Example of Humans as an Regulating Organism

• In the 1700s the Secretary of the Royal Society
  of London, Mr. Blagden along with his dog, an
  egg, and a steak entered a room heated to 105
  degrees C (221 degrees F) which was above the
  boiling point for water.
• Fifteen minutes later the egg was baked hard and
  the steak was burnt crisp Mr. Blagden and his
  dog walked out unharmed (dog was carried in a
  basket so his feet did not get burned).

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THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

• A biophysical aggregate of air temperature, wind
  speed, relative humidity, and radiation.

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TEMPERATURE

• The degree of sensible heat or cold a measure of
  the escaping tendency of heat from a system
  (temperature flows or moves from hot areas to
  cold areas) the property of a system that
  determines whether or not the system is in
  thermal equilibrium with other systems.

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LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• Zeroth Law - two systems in thermoequilibrium
  with a third system are in thermoequilibrium with
  each other.

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LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• First Law - energy is conserved in any process
  the energy gained (or lost) by a system is
  exactly equal to the energy gained (or lost) by
  the surroundings.
• Heat Balance Equation is derived from the First
  Law of Thermodynamics.

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Heat Balance Equation S M - ( Wk) - E R
C K

• S Heat Storage
• M Metabolism
• Wk Work where is positive work representing
  energy leaving the system and - is negative or
  eccentric work
• E Evaporation insensible exchange of heat via
  vaporizing moisture
• R Radiation sensible exchange of heat via
  electromagnetic waves
• C Convection sensible exchange of heat via a
  circulating medium
• K Conduction sensible exchange of heat via a
  static medium

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LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• Second Law - there is always an increase in
  entropy in any naturally occurring (spontaneous)
  process. Entropy refers to increasing disorder
  or diminished capacity for spontaneous change, as
  occurs in aging.

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LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• Third Law - absolute zero is unattainable to
  approach absolute zero (i.e., the temperature
  where molecular motion stops) takes increasing
  amounts of energy. Absolute zero is equal to 0o
  Kelvin, - 273o Celsius, or - 460o Fahrenheit.

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QUESTIONS?
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THANK YOU!