Diapositive 1

1
An overview on the Cold application throughout
the world
Jacques Guilpart Head of the Refrigeration
processes engineering research unit, Cemagref,
France French delegate to the International
Institute of refrigeration jacques.guilpart_at_cemag
ref.fr 33 1 40 96 60 26
2

• How would the world look like without artificial
  cold ?
• or the cold, a forgotten need an evidence

For cooling ? Just push on the button !
3
The cold an evident application on food
The food cold chain from the first ages to the
1800ths
Preservation (quality, safety, Cf L. Bog
Sorensen)
4
The cold an evident application on food
The food cold chain in 1900th
Thermodynamics discovery
5
The cold an evident application on food
The food cold chain in 1950th
CFC discovery in the 1930th
6
The cold an evident application on food
The food cold chain today
Cf V. Silvera, M. Debord, G. Chuzel, L. de
Camargo, N. Filho
7
The cold some less evident applications on food
Texturation and formulation Butter and
fat Chocolate Dairy products and other semiliquid
foods Ice creams

Lyophilisation Baby food Prepared meats
8
The cold some less evident applications on food
Control of fermentation Wine Beer Champaign
Cryoconcentration Cryoseparation Juices and other
liquid foods Tartric acid (wine)
And some other application (Cf J. Evans R.
Masheroni)
9
The cold an evident application on food
One can estimate that approx 60 of the food we
eat in developed countries needs cold application
530 kG/hab. year of solid foods, incl. 308 kg
of refrigerated food 42 kg of frozen food. Over
the 4 500 Mt of the food produced worldwide, 1
500 Mt could be refrigerated to good effect but
only 350 MT are actually refrigerated. 25 up to
30 of the world food production is lost the
application of cold could save a large amount of
this food. 3 million death per year are caused
by unhealthy diet the application of cold could
drastically reduce this deplorable score.
10
The cold an evident application on food
Fiction prospective
Mean life duration in year (France)
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The cold an evident application on food
Fiction prospective
Development of the cold chain
12
But the cold throughout the world is also
Air conditioning in the 1950th early
13
But the cold throughout the world is also
Air conditioning and more and more today
Domestic Buildings Mobile
14
But the cold throughout the world is also
Sports and entertainment
15
But the cold throughout the world is also
Liquefaction of energetic gases LNG, LPG
16
But the cold throughout the world is also
Liquefaction of industrial gases N2, O2, CO2 He,
H2,
17
But the cold throughout the world is also
and the liquefied gases applications in iron
industry,
18
But the cold throughout the world is also
in aeronautics
19
But the cold throughout the world is also
in civil engineering
20
But the cold throughout the world is also
and in supra conduction
21
But the cold throughout the world is also
Some medical applications for drugs processing
(and preservation)
22
But the cold throughout the world is also
and in surgery
a couple of years ago
23
But the cold throughout the world is also
, today and tomorrow
24
The cold applications throughout the world
Relative economic weigh of the different
activities related to the cold applications
1991
25
The cold applications throughout the world
An evidence The cold is largely used in the
food industry domain
The cold production is mainly based on vapour
compression cycles with liquid/vapour phase
change (Cf R. Aguilo)
CFC, HCFC, HFC and other refrigerants
26
The cold applications throughout the world
Ozone layer Global warming gt Drastic
regulation on chlorinated refrigerant use
Cf S. Van der Sluis
27
The International Institute of Refrigeration
All the mentioned topics are the concern of the
international institute of refrigeration

• Intergovernmental organization
• 61 Member Countries

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Mission of the IIR
The International Institute of Refrigeration

• To promote expansion of knowledge and to
  disseminate information
• on all refrigeration technologies and
• all applications
• for the benefit of humanity
• To promote knowledge of refrigeration
  technologies and all applications in order to
  address todays major issues
• Food safety
• Protection of the environment
• Reduction of global warming
• Prevention of ozone depletion
• Development of the least developed countries
• Food
• Health

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The International Institute of Refrigeration
Heat pumps, energy recovery
E
E1
E2
Air conditioning
Refrigerated transport
Refrigerated storage
D
D1
D2
Food science and engineering
C
Cryobiology, cryomedicine
C1
C2
Refrigerating equipment
Thermodynamics and transfer processes
B
B1
B2
Liquefaction and separation of gases
Cryophysics, cryoengineering
A
A1
A2
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The International Institute of Refrigeration
IIR services and deliverables
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Training Courses
The International Institute of Refrigeration

• Good Practice in Refrigeration
• Refrigeration and Preservation of Fruit and
  Vegetables
• Refrigeration and Preservation of Fish
• Refrigeration and the Environment
• Refrigeration Fundamentals

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Working parties
The International Institute of Refrigeration
Chairman WP Phase-Change Materials and Ice
Slurries L. Fournaison WP Mitigation of GHGs P.
Lundqvist WP Preservation of Genetic
Resources WP Refrigerant System Safety L.
Rolfsman WP Data and Models (Food) B. Nicolai WP
Cold Chain in Developing Countries WP Cold Chain
Optimization N. Amos WP Magnetic Cooling P.
Egolf WP Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain G.
Panozzo SC Test Stations (refrigerated
transport) G. Johansson SC Display Cabinets S.
Van der Sluis
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The International Institute of Refrigeration
Organisation and sponsoring of conferences

• 10th WFLO Education Program, Amsterdam, The
  Netherlands, Feb. 5-6, 2007
• 2nd International Conference on Magnetic
  Refrigeration at Room Temperature, Portoroz,
  Slovenia, April 11-13, 2007
• Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and
  Tomorrow, Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM), April 19-21,
  2007
• LNG 15 Liquefied Natural Gas, Barcelona,
  Spain, April 24-27, 2007
• New Ventures in Freeze-drying, Strasbourg,
  France, Nov. 7-9, 2007
• 4th International Conference on Cryogenics
  ICCR2008, Shanghai, China, April 6-9, 2008
• 4th Central European Congress of Food CEFood
  2008, Cavtat, Croatia, April 9-11, 2008
• 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural
  Working Fluids (GL2008), Copenhagen, Denmark,
  Sept. 7-10, 2008
• International Sorption Heat Pump Conference 2008-
  ISHPCO8, Seoul, South Korea, Sept. 23-26, 2008

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Welcome to the 22nd International Congress of
Refrigeration Refrigeration creates the
future 
The International Institute of Refrigeration
Beijing, China, August 21-26, 2007